chapter ten safe, legal, and green computer usage part ii: energy efficiency

Chapter Ten

Safe, Legal, and Green Computer Usage

Part II: Energy Efficiency

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Strata Objectives Covered

5.1 U.S. (no U.K. equivalent) Identify environmentally sound techniques to preserve power and dispose of materials–Power management (power saving features)–Power management PCs and lower power servers–Replace large desktops with energy efficient laptops and thin clients

5.2 U.S. (no U.K. equivalent) Identify green techniques, equipment, and procedures–Define Cloud Computing–Define VoIP and how it relates to Green IT–Duplex printing and user lower cost per page network printers–Terminal servers

(continued)

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Strata Objectives Covered

5.2 U.S. (no U.K. equivalent) Identify green techniques, equipment, and procedures–Use low power NAS instead of file servers–Green building infrastructure–Employee telecommuting

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Power Management

• Puts computer in low-power mode after a specified period of inactivity

• Low Power Modes– Sleep/Standby

• Keeps RAM powered• Wakes up quickly

– Hibernate• Copies RAM content to hard disk• Shuts down completely• Wakes up less quickly

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Power Management Plans

• Some companies have energy-saving policies– Employees must place computers in

low-power modes or power down– Monitors must be set to turn off after a

specified idle period

• Policies are implemented in the OS by setting up a power plan

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Power Plans

• Can include settings for– Display– Hard disks– USB devices– Wireless adapters– PCI Express bus devices– Sleep or hibernate modes– Warnings about battery power

remaining

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Configuring Power Plans

Windows: Control Panel, Power Options

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Configuring Power Plans

Mac OS X: System Preferences, Energy Saver

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Shutdown Scripts

• Network administrator can manage remote startup and shutdown via scripts

• Example:– Shutdown –s –m 241.55.22.67

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Hardware Power Conservation

• Monitors– Decrease brightness (especially on a

notebook PC running off battery)– Stand by or shut down after a specified

period of inactivity– Turn off unneeded secondary displays

• Hard Drives– Use solid state drives– Set hard disks to stop spinning after a

specified period of inactivity

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Energy Star

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rating system

• Now recognized internationally

• Energy Star logo means device meets certain energy-efficient standards

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Virtualization

• Virtualization creates a separate environment inside the main OS

• Separate environment may run different OS, or different services

• Can be used for testing or for having multiple servers share a single physical computer

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Virtualization Applications

• Oracle VirtualBox (Windows, Mac, & Linux, free)

• VMware Workstation (Windows, commercial)

• Vmware Player (Windows, free)• QEMU (Windows & Linux, free)• VMware Fusion (Mac, commercial)• Parallels (Mac, commercial)• Virtual PC (Windows)

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Efficient Printing

• Duplexing• Low-power sleep modes for printers• Printer settings that reduce the

amount of toner or ink used

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Energy-Efficient Server Usage

• Energy efficient server hardware• Combining server functions• Terminal servers• Remote desktops• Network attached storage

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Energy Conservation in Business IT

• Green building infrastructure– Eliminate cool air leaks in server room– Proper spacing for cooling IT equipment – Energy efficient cooling fans in PCs

• Cloud Computing– Applications and data stored and

delivered online

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Voice over IP (VoIP)

• Uses the Internet to deliver telephone services

• Savings by not having separate phone wires in a building and not maintaining a separate phone system network

• Savings in hardware costs, because a single switch can be used for both Internet and telephone

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Telecommuting

• Employees work from home• No commuting energy costs, with

reduced fuel emissions• Lower office space maintenance

costs (light, heat, cooling, rent, furniture)

• Increased worker satisfaction

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chapter ten safe, legal, and green computer usage part ii: energy efficiency

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