chapter outline chapter 5: the roman world, c. 900 b.c.e. to 476 c.e. ©2006, pearson education,...
TRANSCRIPT
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
I. Early Italy and the Origins of Rome, c. 900–509 B.C.E.
II. The Early Republic: 509–133 B.C.E.
III. The Late Republic: 133–30 B.C.E.
IV. The Roman Empire and the Pax Romana:
30 B.C.E–476 C.E.
V. The Rise of Christianity
VI. The Roman Legacy
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
I. Early Italy and the Origins of Rome, c. 900–509 B.C.E.
A. Geography and Early Settlers of ItalyApenninesLatium
Indo-Europeansin 2000-1000 B.C.E.
Iron AgediverseEtruscans - ninth century B.C.E.Greek colonists - from c. 750
B.C.E.
Etruscanscity-states
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
I. Early Italy and the Origins of Rome
B. Rome’s OriginsLegendary accounts:
Romulus and Remus, 753 B.C.E.Aeneas, fleeing Troy
Latin settlements unite, eighth centuryForum
C. The Roman Monarchy, 753–509 B.C.E.follows Greek pattern: monarchy > oligarchy > democracy >
dictatorshipimperium = executive powerorders:
patricians — senatorial familiesplebeians — all others
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
II. The Early Republic and the Roman Conquest of Italy:
509–133 B.C.E.
A. Establishment of the Republic509 B.C.E. - Tarquin the Proudestablishment of Republic
(res publica = commonwealth)consuls - patriciansdictator - in times of emergency
B. Struggle of the OrdersPlebeians
fifth century - concessionsConcilium Plebis = gathering of the plebians
tribunes - 10sacrosanctus = sacred status
plebiscites = decreesTwelve Tables, 450 B.C.E.
Gains367 B.C.E. - one consulmagistracies287 B.C.E. - Concilium Plebis part of Republic
C. The Conquest of Italy509 B.C.E. - Latin League against the Etruscans390 B.C.E. - invasion of Gauls (Celts)338 B.C.E. - Latin League dissolved270 B.C.E. - last of Greek city-states under Rome
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
II. The Early Republic and the Roman Conquest of Italy
D. The First Punic WarsCarthage
from Phoenician colonydominant in Western Mediterraneanpowerful navy
First Punic War, 264–241 B.C.E.Romans develop corvus (crow)
turning naval warfare into land fighting
241 B.C.E. - peaceSecond Punic War
Hannibal attacks Saguntum218 B.C.E. - Hannibal into Italy216 B.C.E. - Cannae
Carthaginian victory201 B.C.E. - Zama
Scipio defeats Carthaginians
Third Punic WarRomans attack Carthage, 149 B.C.E.
E. Roman Intervention in the EastMacedon - Philip V
allies with Hannibal200 B.C.E. - Rome attacks> 197 B.C.E. Philip defeated
Seleucidsencouraged by Hannibal168 B.C.E. - invasion of Egypt
halted by RomeGreece
146 B.C.E. - control133 B.C.E. - Pergamum
first Asian province
F. Society and Religion in early Romepater familias = family father
ultimate authorityReligion
numina = spiritsJupiterMarsJanus
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
III. The Late Republic: 133–30 B.C.E.
A. Effects of Roman Expansionchanges:
fewer small landowners> proletariat = unemployed
greater estates= latifundia
government land to wealthyoligarchy of senators
B. The GracchiTiberius Gracchus
Tribune, 133 B.C.E.proposes reforms:
limit of 320 acressome public lands seized
pushed through> murdered
Gaius GracchusTribune, 123 B.C.E.
proposes further reforms:distribution of wheat
commits suicide, 121 B.C.E.
C. The First Civil War: Marius v. Sulla
Gaius Marius, consul 107 B.C.E. military reform
King of Pontus declares warSenate sends Cornelius SullaTribal Assembly sends Marius
Sullaappointed dictator indefinitelyvictorius, 82 B.C.E.
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
III. The Late Republic: 133–30 B.C.E.
D. The Second Civil War: Pompey v. Caesar
Pompey (106–48 B.C.E.)Consul, 70 B.C.E.
Marcus Crassussenatorgiven command, 71 B.C.E.
slave rebellion under SpartacusGaius Julius Caesar (100–44 B.C.E.)> First Triumvirate
59 B.C.E., Caesar elected consulby 45 B.C.E., Caesar rules alone
44 B.C.E., assassinated
E. The Third Civil War: Antony v. Octavian
Octavian (63 B.C.E.–14 C.E.)grandnephew of Caesardefeats opponents
Antony - eastern half of empireActium - defeated by Octavian
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
IV. The Roman Empire and the Pax Romana: 30 B.C.E–476 C.E.
A. Reconstruction under Augustus27 B.C.E. - “Restoration of the
Republic”given title Augustusprinceps = first citizen
B. Julio-Claudian and Flavian Emperors (14–68 C.E.)
Julio-ClaudiansTiberiusClaudiusCaligulaNero
FlaviansVespasianTitusDomitian
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
IV. The Roman Empire and the Pax Romana
C. The Antonines: “Five Good Emperors”
(96–180 C.E.)
Hadrian (117–138 C.E.)
Marcus Aurelius (161–180 C.E.)Meditations
D. The Pax Romana
E. Roman Society in the Empirecollegia = guilds
social role
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
IV. The Roman Empire and the Pax Romana
C. The Antonines: “Five Good Emperors”
(96–180 C.E.)
Hadrian (117–138 C.E.)
Marcus Aurelius (161–180 C.E.)
Meditations
D. The Pax Romana
E. Roman Society in the Empirecollegia = guilds
social role
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
C. Spread of ChristianitySaint Paul
from Tarsus, Asia MinorPharisee
Reasons for SpreadMystery religions
Cybele, Isis, Dionysus, Mithras
Mary MagdaleneGnostic Gospels
Persecution of the ChristiansDiocletian, 303–311 B.C.E.> martyrs
V. The Rise of Christianity
A. The Jewish Background538 B.C.E. - return from
Babylonia63 B.C.E. - Pompey
Judea > Province of Syria
Herod the Great (37-4 B.C.E.)appointed king by Mark
Anthony
B. Life and Teaching of JesusPreaching12 apostles
Phariseesopposing sect
crucifixion, c. 30 C.E.
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
3. The Regular Clergyregula = rulemonasticism
pre-dated Christianity
St. Basil (c.330–379)Asia Minorrule
St. Benedict (c. 480–543)rule: vows of poverty, chastity,
obedience
4. Official Recognition and Acceptance
311 - Galerius, Edict of Toleration313 - Edict of Milan, freedom of
worshipJulian the Apostate (361–363)Theodosius I (379–395)
Christianity official
D. The Christian Church
1. Church Organizationpresbyters = eldersbishops = overseers
diocese = bishop’s territoryinherited from Roman
administrationpope - becomes pre-eminent
Leo I (440–61)
2. Doctrine and WorshipTrinity
Father, Son, Holy SpiritArianism
Father and Son not equal, not coeval
> Constantine calls Council of Nicaea, 325
Arianism a heresyChrist coeternal with Father
Arianism continues to spreadJerome (340–420)St. Ambrose (340–397)
subjects Theodosius ISt. Augustine (354–430)
Confessions
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
V. The Rise of Christianity
E. Third Century CrisisCommodus (180–192 C.E.)
low point
Severan dynasty (193–235)
235–385 - Civil War26 emperorslatifundia growcoloni (sharecroppers)
Diocletian (285–305)stabilization
Constantine (306–337)moves capital to
Constantinople
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
F. The Germanic Tribescomitatus - war band
InvasionsHunsVisigoths - 376, into Empire
> Valens, Adrianople, 378
Alaric, 410 - sack of Rome
settle in Spain406 - withdrawal of Rhine
troops > massive movement
451 - Attila into Europedies, 453
G. End of the Western Empire, 395–476 C.E.
476 - death of Romulus Augustulus
traditional end of RomeTheodoric
Ostrogothic king
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
VI. The Roman Legacy
A. Evolution of Roman Lawjus civile = law of the citizen
jurisprudentes = legal scholars
B. Roman Engineering and Architecture
roadsconstruction
concretevaulting
barrel vaultsPantheonbasilica
rectangularcolonnades
Colosseum
C. Sculpture and Paintingportrait busts
D. LiteratureRepublic
Plautus (c. 254–184 B.C.E.)
Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 C.E.)
Late Republic and EmpireCatullus
lyric poetry
LucretiusEpicurean
Vergil (70–19 B.C.E.)Aeneid
Horace (65–8 B.C.E.)
Ovid (43 B.C.E.–17 C.E.)Art of Love, Metamorphoses
Juvenal (c. 50 B.C.E.–127 C.E.)satirical poetry
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 5: The Roman World, c. 900 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
VI. The Roman Legacy
E. The Writing of HistoryLivy (59 B.C.E.–17 C.E.)
History of Rome
Tacitus (55-117 C.E.)Germania
Plutarch (c. 46–c.126 C.E.)Parallel Lives
F. Religion and PhilosophyEpicureanism and Stocism
Seneca (4 B.C.E.–65 C.E.)stoictutor to Nero
G. Science in the Roman EmpirePliny the Elder (23–79 C.E.)
Natural History
Ptolemy
Galen