chapter one understanding computer hardware part i: processors

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Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

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Page 1: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

Chapter One

Understanding Computer Hardware

Part I: Processors

Page 2: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Strata Objectives Covered

1.1 Identify basic IT vocabulary– Processor speed/cores

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Page 3: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

What is a Processor?

• Processors are integrated circuits containing transistors

• Transistors are electrical gates that let power through or don’t depending on their state

• Transistors are the basis of binary processing (processing based on 1 or 0)

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Page 4: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

What is a Processor?

• A processor accepts data to process, and numeric codes representing math operations (instructions) to perform on them.

• Different processors have different instruction sets

• Different processors can accept a different number of bits at once (word size)

• A bit is a single binary digit

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Page 5: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Processor Brands

• Intel– Intel Core (i3, i5, i7)– Codenames for different sub-types such

as Gulftown and Sandy Bridge

• AMD– Phenom II– Athlon II– Turion II

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Page 6: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Processor Sockets

• Pin Grid Array (PGA)• Ball Grid Array (BGA)• Land Grid Array (LGA)

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Page 7: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Processor Speed

• Measured in Hertz (Hz)• Megahertz (MHz) = millions of Hz• Gigahertz (GHz) = billions of Hz• The fastest processors today run at

more than 3 GHz

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Page 8: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Instructions Per Second

• IPS, the number of instructions a processor can complete per second

• Measured in millions• MIPS = millions of instructions per

second• For example, the Intel Core i7

Extreme Edition runs at 3.3GHz and processes 147,600 MIPS

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Page 9: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Processor Cache

• L1, on die– Smallest– Closest to

CPU

• L2, on chip• L3, on chip

– Largest– Farthest from CPU– On multi-core CPU, shared among all

cores

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Page 10: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Multicore Processors

• Multiple CPUs in a single chip• All on the same die• Dual-core and quad core are

common

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Page 11: Chapter One Understanding Computer Hardware Part I: Processors

© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Cooling Fans and Heat Sinks

• Active– Moving parts (usually

a fan)– Very effective– Uses power

• Passive – No moving parts– Not as effective– Does not use power

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