chapter one (mhs)
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter One
I. What is Government?
II. What are the characteristics of “A State”?
III. What are the four theories of the Origin of a State?
IV. How do we Classify Governments?
I. Definition of Government:
A. The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies (what the govt decides to do)
B. Government is made up of people who exercise authority & control over its people
II. Characteristics of a StateA. The STATE can be defined as
PEOPLE
TERRITORY
GOVERNMENT
SOVEREIGNTY
What is YOUR mnemonic device?
B. Four Characteristics of a State
1.) a body of people
(PEOPLE)
2). living in a defined territory
(TERRITORY)
3). organized politically
(that is, with a GOVERNMENT)
4). with the POWER to make and enforce law
without the consent of a higher authority (SOVEREIGNTY)
*PEOPLE * TERRITORY * GOVERNMENT *SOVEREIGNTY
III. Four (4) Theories on the Origin of a State:
A). Force Theory
B). Divine Right Theory
C). Evolutionary Theory
D). Social Contract Theory
A. Force Theory Idea that one person or a small group
claimed control over an area forcing all in the area to submit to that person/group’s rule.
When that rule was established the basic characteristics of the state were present (people, territory, government, sovereignty)
B. Divine Right Theory1). This theory stated that
GOD created the State and that GOD had given those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule.
2). This was widely accepted in much of the Western world from the 15th century through the 18th century
3). The people were bound to obey their ruler as they would GOD (if they didn’t they were charged with Treason & it was a Mortal SIN !!
Divine Right Theory Cont. 4) The Divine Right Theory was not unique to
European History.a). Many ancient civilizations did, as well:
1). Chinese2). Egyptian3). Aztec4). Mayan Civilizations5). The Japanese emperor governed by the divine right until 1945.
C. Evolutionary Theory1). This theory holds that the STATE evolved
out of the primitive family
2). Evolution to a network of families
3). the CLAN becomes a TRIBE
4). Tribe ends its nomadic ways, and takes up agriculture, and the STATE was born
Family Clan Tribe State
C. Social Contract TheoryPhilosophers (17th/18th cent): Thomas Hobbes, James
Harrington, John Locke, Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu came up with this theory:
1. Humans lived in a state of nature in which there was no government and no one ruled another person, however there was no one to protect people from the aggression of another, SO they were only as safe as they were smart & strong
2. Humans could overcome this by making an agreement to give power up to a state
3. Free people gave up power and the state rose out of that.
Thomas Hobbes John Locke1.) Absolute Monarch2.) People are born with rights that theyrelinquish to the monarch in return forprotection. This is known as social contract.3.) Believed that people were wicked,selfish, and cruel and would act on behalf oftheir best interests. “Every man for everyman”.4.) No, people could be trusted to governthemselves and an absolute monarchwould demand obedience in to maintainorder.5.) The purpose of the government was tokeep law and order.6.) Because people had no say in theirgovernment, they could do nothing if themonarch were abusive.
1.) Democracy2.) All people are born with certaininalienable rights. They are life, liberty,and the right to own property.3.) Believed that people were bynature good and that they could learnfrom their experiences.4.) Yes, people could be trusted togovern themselves. Locke believedthat if provided with the rightinformation would make gooddecisions.5.) The purpose of the government isto protect individual liberties and rights.6.) The people had the right to revoltagainst an abusive government.
IV. How do we Classify Governments?
A. By who can Participate (democracy or dictatorship? )
B. By the Geographic Distribution of Power (is it all in one place or spread to different levels)
C. By the Relationship between the Executive and Legislative Branches (Presidential or Parliamentary)
Government Systems The relationship between a nation’s central
government and its smaller governmental divisions can be described as either unitary or federal.
Unitary System Gives all key powers to the national or
central government. This doesn’t mean that there are not other levels
to the government. The other levels may have limited sovereignty. Ex. Great Britain and France
Federal Systems Divides the power of government between
the national government and state or provincial governments.
Each level has same sovereignty Ex. United States, Canada, Switzerland, Mexico,
Australia, India, and Russia.
Constitutions and Government A constitution is a plan
that provides the rules of government.
The may be written or unwritten
The U.S. Constitution drawn in 1787 is the oldest written constitution in the world
Major Purpose of Constitutions It sets out ideals that
people bound by and share
It establishes the basic structure of government powers and duties.
It provides the supreme law of the country.
Constitutional governments are a form of limited government.
Incomplete Guides First, No written
constitution can cover everything. Ex. Number of terms
of the President.
Second, a constitution does not always reflect the actual practice of government in a country. Ex. Ferguson police
arresting the press.
Preamble
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.
-U.S. Constitution
A Framework for Government The main body of a constitution sets out the
plan for government and, in the case of the United States, lays out the relationship between the state and federal governments. The U.S. Constitution has 7 articles, 21 sections.
The Highest Law Constitutional law involves the
interpretation and application of the constitution.
Primarily, it concerns with defining the extend of limits of government powers and the rights of the citizens.
Politics and Government The effort to control or influence the
conduct and polices of government is called politics.
Citizens’ groups protesting higher taxes or when they meet with the mayor to ask the city t repave the streets n their neighborhood are participating in politics
Governing in a Complex World Industrialized nations- generally large
industries and advanced technology that provide a more comfortable way of life than developing nations.
Globalization- the interconnection of countries that are not geographically close.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENTChapter One
Autocracy Any system of
government in which the power and authority to rule is in the hands of a single individual.
Examples
1.Dictatorship
2.Absolute Monarch
Autocracy
Dictatorship North Korea Nazi Germany Cuba
Absolute Monarch Saudi Arabia Vatican City Swaziland
Constitutional Monarchs Shares governmental
powers with elected legislators or serves mainly as the ceremonial leader(s) of a government.
Ex. Great Britain with Queen Elizabeth
Oligarchy Any system of
government in which a small group holds power.
Derives its power from wealth, military power, social position or a combination of these elements
Examples
U.S.S.R. (Russia)
Questions
Is the United States an Oligarchy?
My opinion:
I believe that America is not an Oligarchy, but that wealthy individuals definitely have more access to the government.
Democracy Any system of
government in which rule is by the people.
Two Forms: Direct Democracy-
voting on issues individually as citizens
Representative-people elect leader to vote on their behalf.
Characteristics of Democracy 1. Individual Liberty
2. Majority Rule with Minority Rights
3. Free Elections
4. Competing Political Parties
Equally Opportunity Protect the right of
the few. “one person, one
vote” Choice and
accountability
“Soil of Democracy” 1. Active Citizen
Participation
2. A Favorable Economy
3. Widespread Education
4. Strong Civil Society
5. A Social Consensus
Informed about issues
Free Enterprise All citizens get public
education. Groups independent
of the government Shared Values
QuestionWhat “grade” would you give America’s democracy?
ECONOMIC THEORIES Chapter One
Introduction Economics-the study
of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants thought the use of limited resources.
Major Economic Questions 1. What and how much
should be produced
2. How should goods and service be produced
3. Who gets goods and services that are produced
Capitalism
Capitalism1. Private Ownership
2. Free Enterprise
3. Competition among business
4. Freedom of choice
5. Possibility of profits
Origin Who: Adam Smith and
others When: ??? (last 200 years) Where: Europe How: idea that people
could work for economic gain
the idea that wealth should be used aggressively
Free Market and Laissez-Faire French for “to let
alone” Government should
keep its hands off the economy.
The government places no limits on the freedom of buyers and sellers.
Question
Do you think “big business” has
become too powerful?
Mixed Market Economy
Government keeps competition free and fair, as well as protects the public interest.
Ex. European Union
Socialism
Definition Government owns the basic means of
production, determines the use of resources, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services.
Origin Where: Europe When: Nineteenth Century Who: Low Wage Workers How: Violent Revolution
Democratic Socialism Peaceful changes that want to work within
the democratic political system to improve economic conditions.
Examples
Question
Denmark Highest minimum wage Least corrupt country Highest satisfaction with
life
Do you think Socialism works?
Sweden Most equal income
distribution Highest level of
democracy Best place to grow old
Yes, It can work, but every county is different
Communism
Origins
Who: Karl Marx When:1848
Where: Worldwide How: Communist Manifesto
Communism
Bourgeoisie Own the means of
production. The ruling class Keep profits from the
workers Would slowly get more
and more power
Proletariat Workers Never receive full
compensation for their labor
Needed to rise in a violent revolution before they lost all their rights.
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