CHAPTER-3CHARISMATIC AND TRANSFORMATIONAL

LEADERSHIP

OBJECTIVES•Meaning and types of Charismatic and Leadership.

•Traits and Behavior of Charismatic Leaders.

•Visionary component of Charismatic Leadership.

•Communication styles of Charismatic Leaders.

•Action plan for Developing Charisma.

•Transformational Leadership and How Leaders create it.

•Concerns about Charismatic Leadership.

THE MEANING OF CHARISMA

• CHARISMA is a Greek word meaning “divinely inspired gift”.

• CHARISMA is special quality of leaders, whose purposes, powers, extra ordinary determination differentiates them from others.

• CHARISMA is a positive and compelling quality of person that makes many others want to be led by him or her.

DEFINITIONS OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP

• A devotion to the specific and exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person, and of the normative patterns revealed or ordained by the persons.

• Endowment with gift of Devine Grace.• The process of influencing major changes in the attitudes and

assumptions of organization members, and building commitment for the organization’s objectives.

• Leadership that has magnetic effect on people.• In combination with individualized consideration, intellectual

stimulation and special leadership, a component of transformational leadership.

• Key direction of Charismatic Leadership is that it involves a relationship or interaction between the leader and people being led.

THE EFFECTS OF CHARISMA

Robert J. House developed a theory of Charismatic Leadership in terms of its effects. The nine effects are:

1. Group member trust in the correctness of the Leader’s belief.2. Similarity of group members chief to those of the Leader.3. Un questioning acceptance of the Leader.4. Affection for the Leader.5. Willing obedience of the Leader.6. Identification with and emulation of the Leader.7. Emotional involvement of the group members in the mission.8. Heightened goals of the group members.9. Feeling on the part of group members that they will be able to

accomplish, or contribute to the accomplishment of the mission.

CONTINUED…/

• Jane A Halpert factor analyzed (Statistically clustered) these nine type the sized out come in to three group or dimensions.

• Referent Power: Is the ability to influence others that stems from the leaders desirable traits and charismatic. (First six).

• Expert Power: Is the ability to influence others because of one’s specialized knowledge, skills or abilities.

• First six effects refer to the power exerted by the leader.• The last three effects are perceptions related to the task/mission.

Referent Power Expert Power

CHARISMA

TYPES OF CHARISMATIC LEADERS

• Socialized charismatics.• Personalized charismatics.• Office holder charismatics.• Personal charismatics.• Divine charismatics.

SOCIALIZE CHARISMATICS

• Is a person/leader who restrains the use of power in order to benefit others. He formulates and pursues goals that fulfill the needs of group members and provides intellectual stimulation to then. The followers are autonomous, empowered and responsible.

PERSONALIZED CHARISMATICS• Such individuals exercise few restraints on then use of powers they many best serve

their our intercepts. They in pare self serving goals and offer support own goals. The followers are typically obedient, submissive and dependent.

OFFICE HOLDER CHARISMATIC• Such type of leadership is more a property of the office that he/she is holding, which

is last immediately after leaving the office. These it can be said that this charisure is a by product of being placed in a key position.

PERSONAL CHARISMATIC• This types of leadership exerts influence, whether he/she occupies low or highest

positive, because he/she have the sight trait charismatic and behaviour.DIVINE CHARISMATIC• The person in this category is “endowed with a gift of divine grace”. These leaders

are mystical and personally magnetic who arise to lead people through crisis. Also known as ‘SAVIOURS’

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARISMATIC LEADERS

• Charismatic leaders are “VISIONARY”, as they offer exciting _____of organization is leadering and how to get there.

• Charismatic leaders have “MASTERFUL COMMUNICATION”, Leader use colorful language and analogies to influence members of the group.

• These leaders “INSPIRE TRUST”. The followers are willing to trust their career to pursue the chief direction/order.

• They are able to make group members fell “CAPABLE” by using then for relatively _____ projects. (Making their succeed).

• Are “ENERGETICE” and “ACTION” oriented. They as role models for gating things done on time.

CONTROL

• A key trait is the ability to express feelings openly. “EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIVENESS & WARMTH”.

• They enjoy taking risk to an extent of “ROMANTICING RISK”.

• They use “UNCONVENTIONAL STRATEGIES”.• They have “Self PROMOTING” personality. • They challenge “PROD & POKE”, by testing you courage

and self confirmed. • They have minimum “ INTERNAL CONFLICT”. They are

coflinced that they are right even through setbacks.

THE COMMUNICATION STYLE OF CHARISMATIC LEADERS

• Communicate openly with group members and create a comfortable environment.

• Encourage two way communication with team members.

• Communicate, their vision, goals and directives in an imagniture and expressive manner.

• Two related aspects of communication style:

a. Management by Inspiration.

b. Management by Anecdote.

MANAGEMENT BY INSPIRATION

• Metaphors & Analogics.• General language to different audiences.

MANAGEMENT BY ANECDOTE • Is the technique of inspire and instructing team

members by the telling fascinating stories.• This technique is a major contribute to building a

strong company culture.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHARISMA

• A person can increase his/her charisma by developing some traits, charactertics and behaviour. These are:

a. Create visions for others.

b. Be enthusiastic optimistic and energetic

c. Be sensibly persistent.

d. Be candid.

e. Display an In-your-face attitude.

f. Be dramatic and unique.

TRANS FORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

• The focus of transformational leadership is on “WHAT THE LEADER ACCOMPLISHES” rather than the his personal characteristics and ‘HIS/HER RELATIONSHIP” with group members

• Three aspects of transformational leadership are

1. HOW TRANSFORMATIONS TAKE PLACE?

2. KEY COMPONENTS?

3. IMPACT ON LEADERSHIP PERFORMANCE?

HOW TRANSFORMATION TAKES PLACE

• THE LEADER

1. Raises peoples awareness.

2. Helps people look beyond self interest.

3. Helps people search for self fulfillment.

4. Helps people understand need for change.

5. Investing managers with a sense of urgency.

6. Is committed to greatness.

7. Adopts a long range board prospective.

KEY QUALITIES OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS

• These leaders possess the personal charactertic of other effective leaders. Above all these are CHARISMATIC leaders. Four qualities are:

1. They practice “inspirational leadership”.

2. They provide “intellectual stimulation”.

3. They demonstrate “individualized consideration”.

4. They provide a “Vision” and sense of “mission”.

IMPACT ON LEADERSHIP PERFORMANCE

Remember charismatic leadership is a componentof transformational leaderships.• The study shows that such leaders were judged

to be more effective that those described as transactional.

• Being perceived as charismatic was significantly correlated with managerial performance.

• Leaders who showed more individual considerations, intellectual stimulation contribute to business with performance.

CONCERNS ABOUT CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP

• The concept of charismatic leadership has been challenged from two major stand points. These are:

a. Validity of the concept.

b. Misdeeds of charismatic leaders.

CHALLENGES TO THE VALIDITY OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP

• Charisma can not be quantified or accurately defined.• Such leaders have many detractors.• Leaders are often either revered or vastly unpopular. • It may not be necessary for leadership effectiveness.

(example: short/tall, well dressed/otherwise, stylish/no style, personality etc).

• Hence, it can be concluded that people who are outstanding leaders are granted charisma by their constituents as result of their success.

DARK SIDE OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP

• Can be exercised for evil purposes. (Peter Draker) Specially politicians ………experts promising UTOPIA.

• Are unethical and lead their organizations towards illegal and immoral ends.

• People follow down a quasi-legal path because of their “Referent tower.”

• Charismatic leaders can also above power by virtue of their symbolic status as parent figure.

• They induce group members to accept abusive behaviour.

• They neglect their social responsibilities/obligations.

SUMMARY

• Charisma is a special quality of leaders, whose purposes, powers, and extra ordinary determination effectuates their from others.

• Charismatic leadership can be understood in times of its effect. • Charismatic and transformational leader communicate their visions,

goals and directive in a expressive manner.• A person can increase his/her charisma by developing same traits,

characteristic and behaviour.• Transformational leaders attempt to overall the organization culture /

environment. • The concept of charismatic /transformational leadership is

_____and does not necessarily help organizations.• Charismatic leaders are prone to abuse the power.