CHAPTER 9

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Training and DevelopmentTraining and DevelopmentTraining and DevelopmentTraining and Development

• Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development– Represents an ongoing investment in employees and realizes Represents an ongoing investment in employees and realizes

that employees are assets with value.that employees are assets with value.

• Importance of Training and DevelopmentImportance of Training and Development– Rapid technological changes cause skill obsolescence.Rapid technological changes cause skill obsolescence.– Redesign of work brings about the need for new skills.Redesign of work brings about the need for new skills.– Mergers and acquisitions have increased the need for Mergers and acquisitions have increased the need for

integrating employees into different corporate cultures.integrating employees into different corporate cultures.– Employees are moving between employers more often, Employees are moving between employers more often,

necessitating the training of more new hires.necessitating the training of more new hires.– Globalization of business requires new knowledge and skills.Globalization of business requires new knowledge and skills.

• Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development– Represents an ongoing investment in employees and realizes Represents an ongoing investment in employees and realizes

that employees are assets with value.that employees are assets with value.

• Importance of Training and DevelopmentImportance of Training and Development– Rapid technological changes cause skill obsolescence.Rapid technological changes cause skill obsolescence.– Redesign of work brings about the need for new skills.Redesign of work brings about the need for new skills.– Mergers and acquisitions have increased the need for Mergers and acquisitions have increased the need for

integrating employees into different corporate cultures.integrating employees into different corporate cultures.– Employees are moving between employers more often, Employees are moving between employers more often,

necessitating the training of more new hires.necessitating the training of more new hires.– Globalization of business requires new knowledge and skills.Globalization of business requires new knowledge and skills.

Benefits of Training and Benefits of Training and DevelopmentDevelopment

Benefits of Training and Benefits of Training and DevelopmentDevelopment

• Individual employeeIndividual employee– Increased employee marketabilityIncreased employee marketability– Increased employee employability securityIncreased employee employability security

• OrganizationOrganization– Improved bottom line, efficiency, and profitabilityImproved bottom line, efficiency, and profitability– Increased flexible in having employees who can assume Increased flexible in having employees who can assume

different and varied responsibilitiesdifferent and varied responsibilities– Reduced layers of managementReduced layers of management– Helps make employees more accountable for results.Helps make employees more accountable for results.

• Individual employeeIndividual employee– Increased employee marketabilityIncreased employee marketability– Increased employee employability securityIncreased employee employability security

• OrganizationOrganization– Improved bottom line, efficiency, and profitabilityImproved bottom line, efficiency, and profitability– Increased flexible in having employees who can assume Increased flexible in having employees who can assume

different and varied responsibilitiesdifferent and varied responsibilities– Reduced layers of managementReduced layers of management– Helps make employees more accountable for results.Helps make employees more accountable for results.

Planning and Strategizing TrainingPlanning and Strategizing TrainingPlanning and Strategizing TrainingPlanning and Strategizing Training

Setting Training ObjectivesSetting Training ObjectivesSetting Training ObjectivesSetting Training Objectives

• Align/match identified training needs with training Align/match identified training needs with training objectives.objectives.

• Define objectives in specific, measurable terms:Define objectives in specific, measurable terms:– In terms of desired employee behaviors.In terms of desired employee behaviors.– In terms of the results that are expected to follow from such In terms of the results that are expected to follow from such

behaviors.behaviors.

• An source of information for setting objectives can An source of information for setting objectives can be the data on performance deficiencies that is be the data on performance deficiencies that is contained in the organization’s performance contained in the organization’s performance management system.management system.

• Align/match identified training needs with training Align/match identified training needs with training objectives.objectives.

• Define objectives in specific, measurable terms:Define objectives in specific, measurable terms:– In terms of desired employee behaviors.In terms of desired employee behaviors.– In terms of the results that are expected to follow from such In terms of the results that are expected to follow from such

behaviors.behaviors.

• An source of information for setting objectives can An source of information for setting objectives can be the data on performance deficiencies that is be the data on performance deficiencies that is contained in the organization’s performance contained in the organization’s performance management system.management system.

Design and DeliveryDesign and DeliveryDesign and DeliveryDesign and Delivery

• Critical Training Design IssuesCritical Training Design Issues– Interference from and the difficulty of overcoming prior Interference from and the difficulty of overcoming prior

training, learning or established habits.training, learning or established habits.– Whether or not employees transfer (utilize) the newly learned Whether or not employees transfer (utilize) the newly learned

skills back to the job.skills back to the job.– Having an organizational environment that is supportive of Having an organizational environment that is supportive of

training and development.training and development.– The choice of a training environment (e.g., on-the-job The choice of a training environment (e.g., on-the-job

training) that closely approximates or simulates actual job or training) that closely approximates or simulates actual job or working conditions to facilitate the transfer of learning. working conditions to facilitate the transfer of learning.

• Critical Training Design IssuesCritical Training Design Issues– Interference from and the difficulty of overcoming prior Interference from and the difficulty of overcoming prior

training, learning or established habits.training, learning or established habits.– Whether or not employees transfer (utilize) the newly learned Whether or not employees transfer (utilize) the newly learned

skills back to the job.skills back to the job.– Having an organizational environment that is supportive of Having an organizational environment that is supportive of

training and development.training and development.– The choice of a training environment (e.g., on-the-job The choice of a training environment (e.g., on-the-job

training) that closely approximates or simulates actual job or training) that closely approximates or simulates actual job or working conditions to facilitate the transfer of learning. working conditions to facilitate the transfer of learning.

EvaluationEvaluationEvaluationEvaluation

• Is an integral part of the overall training program.Is an integral part of the overall training program.• Provides feedback on the effectiveness of the Provides feedback on the effectiveness of the

training program.training program.• Evaluation criteria should be established in tandem Evaluation criteria should be established in tandem

with and parallel to training objectives.with and parallel to training objectives.

• Is an integral part of the overall training program.Is an integral part of the overall training program.• Provides feedback on the effectiveness of the Provides feedback on the effectiveness of the

training program.training program.• Evaluation criteria should be established in tandem Evaluation criteria should be established in tandem

with and parallel to training objectives.with and parallel to training objectives.

Integrating Training with PerformanceIntegrating Training with PerformanceManagement Systems and CompensationManagement Systems and Compensation

Integrating Training with PerformanceIntegrating Training with PerformanceManagement Systems and CompensationManagement Systems and Compensation

Reading 9.1: Strategies that Impact the Reading 9.1: Strategies that Impact the Transfer of LearningTransfer of Learning

Reading 9.1: Strategies that Impact the Reading 9.1: Strategies that Impact the Transfer of LearningTransfer of Learning

• Effective Scheduling of Training SessionEffective Scheduling of Training Session– Morning hours, fewer hours per session, more frequency.Morning hours, fewer hours per session, more frequency.

• Training at the Appropriate TimeTraining at the Appropriate Time– Deliver training as close to the actual time when learning will Deliver training as close to the actual time when learning will

used/needed on the job.used/needed on the job.

• Pre-training PreparationPre-training Preparation– Employees need to be made aware of the benefit and Employees need to be made aware of the benefit and

importance of training.importance of training.

• Training DeliveryTraining Delivery– Training and transfer are enhanced by using a variety of Training and transfer are enhanced by using a variety of

training techniques.training techniques.

• Effective Scheduling of Training SessionEffective Scheduling of Training Session– Morning hours, fewer hours per session, more frequency.Morning hours, fewer hours per session, more frequency.

• Training at the Appropriate TimeTraining at the Appropriate Time– Deliver training as close to the actual time when learning will Deliver training as close to the actual time when learning will

used/needed on the job.used/needed on the job.

• Pre-training PreparationPre-training Preparation– Employees need to be made aware of the benefit and Employees need to be made aware of the benefit and

importance of training.importance of training.

• Training DeliveryTraining Delivery– Training and transfer are enhanced by using a variety of Training and transfer are enhanced by using a variety of

training techniques.training techniques.

Reading 9.2: Key Factors InfluencingReading 9.2: Key Factors InfluencingTraining Program SuccessTraining Program Success

Reading 9.2: Key Factors InfluencingReading 9.2: Key Factors InfluencingTraining Program SuccessTraining Program Success

• PlanningPlanning– Establish a structured linkage Establish a structured linkage

between the organization’s between the organization’s strategic mission and the goals strategic mission and the goals of training and development of training and development initiatives.initiatives.

• DoingDoing– Select a specific training Select a specific training

program content and choose a program content and choose a appropriate training method to appropriate training method to deliver the content.deliver the content.

• PlanningPlanning– Establish a structured linkage Establish a structured linkage

between the organization’s between the organization’s strategic mission and the goals strategic mission and the goals of training and development of training and development initiatives.initiatives.

• DoingDoing– Select a specific training Select a specific training

program content and choose a program content and choose a appropriate training method to appropriate training method to deliver the content.deliver the content.

• CheckingChecking– Evaluate training results by Evaluate training results by

measuring participant measuring participant reactions and responses to reactions and responses to behavioral exercises during the behavioral exercises during the training.training.

• ActingActing– Determine how sustain and Determine how sustain and

enhance the role of training enhance the role of training and development in the and development in the organization.organization.

• CheckingChecking– Evaluate training results by Evaluate training results by

measuring participant measuring participant reactions and responses to reactions and responses to behavioral exercises during the behavioral exercises during the training.training.

• ActingActing– Determine how sustain and Determine how sustain and

enhance the role of training enhance the role of training and development in the and development in the organization.organization.