Chapter 9Chapter 9The High Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages

Section1

Growth of Royal Power in England and France

Monarchs, Nobles, and the ChurchMonarchs, Nobles, and the Church

• Monarchs expanded the royal domain and set up a system of royal justice.

• Nobles and the church collected their own taxes.

Strong Monarchs in EnglandStrong Monarchs in England

• Duke William sailed across the English Channel

• French speaking nobles dominated England

• William created the doomsday book• His successors created the Royal

Exchequer• Henry II broadened the system of royal

justice

Evolving Traditions of English Gov’tEvolving Traditions of English Gov’t

• English rulers clashed with nobles and the church

• Most battles developed a result to raise taxes

• Henry’s son was clever, greedy, cruel, and a untrustworthy ruler

• John battled Innocent III

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

• The king agreed not to raise new taxes

• The Magna Carta contained two important ideas that would shape government traditions.

Development of Development of ParliamentParliament

English rulers called on the English rulers called on the

Great Council for advice.Great Council for advice.

Parliament gained crucial Parliament gained crucial power.power.

Section 2Section 2

The Holy Roman Empire and the Church

Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire

• Charlemagne had France and Germany under his rule

• Otto worked closely with the church, he appointed bishops to top government jobs

• For German emperors, the challenge was to control their vassals

• Another problem for the emperor was conflict with the pope over the appointment of church officials

Conflict Between Popes and Conflict Between Popes and EmperorsEmperors

• People had a neutral view of pope Gregory VII

• He was determined to make the church independent of secular rulers

• Only the pope had the right to install bishops in office.

• Pope Gregory’s ban brought angry responses from the holy roman emperor Henry IV

The Struggles for ItalyThe Struggles for Italy

• Fredrick Barbarossa dreamed of building a empire from the Baltic sea to the Adriatic sea.

• He was the child of Henry and Constance, and he was a arrogant, able leader willing to do anything to achieve his goals

• He clashed repeadly with several popes.• He fought to bring wealthy cities of northern Italy

under his control • He tried and also failed

The Height of Church PowerThe Height of Church Power

• Pope Innocent the III embodied the triumph of the church

• Clashed with powerful rulers and came out ahead

• Launched a brutal crusade against the Albigensians

Section 3 Section 3

Europeans Look Outward

The CrusadesThe Crusades

• Left a bitter legacy of religious hatred behind them

• They sometimes turned their religious fury against Jews.

• Failed to conquer the holy lands

• Wars helped quicken the pace of chnages already underway

• In 1464, Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Argon

• The kingdoms was under Muslim rule

• Spain enjoyed a tradition of religious toleration

Economic ExpansionEconomic Expansion

• Increased trade

• Encouraged the growth of a money economy

• Helped increase the power of feudal monarchs

Section 4Section 4

Learning, Literature, and the Arts

Medieval Universities

• As economic and political conditions improved in the high middle ages, the need for education expanded

• By getting an education, the sons of wealthy townspeople might hope to qualify for high jobs in the church

• By 1100’s, schools had sprung up around the great cathedrals to train the clergy

Europeans Acquire “New” LearningEuropeans Acquire “New” Learning

• Universities received a further boost from an explosion of knowledge that reached Europe on the high middle ages.

• The writing of the ancient Greeks posed a change to Christian scholars.

• Works of science, translated from Arabic and Greek, also reached Europe from Spain and the Byzantine empire.

Medieval LiteratureMedieval Literature

• Latin was the language of scholars and churchmen

• Vernacular the everyday languages of ordinary people

• Epics were long narrative poems

Architecture and Art

• Stone churches reflected Roman influences

• Flying buttresses were stone supports that stood outside of the church

• Illumination is the artistic decoration of books

Section 5Section 5

A Time of Crisis

The Black DeathThe Black Death

• The black death was a disease that was spread by fleas on rats

• The plague brought terror and bewilderment people had no way to stop the disease

• People saw the plague as God’s punishment

• European economy plunged into a low web

Upheaval in the ChurchUpheaval in the Church

• Pope Clement V moved the papal court to Avignon on the border of southern France.

• It remained there for 70 yrs. Under French domination

• This period is known as Babylonian Captivity of the Church

• The popes reigned over a lavish court• Reformers tried to elect their own pope

and this caused the slip within the church

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War

• England claimed the French crown in 1337 then war broke out

• The English won a string of victories at Crecy in 1346

• They owes much of their success to the long bow

• The effects of the war were, England and France were on different paths, and it brought many changes to the late medieval world.

Joan of Arc

• Led the French to many victories

• Inspired despairing troops to fight anew

• Planted seeds for future triumphs