chapter 9- public speaking - springfield public schools 9- public speaking.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 9
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Facts -‐ In a survey of 500 adults, 60 % said they had given at least one speech to an audience of more than ten people.
-‐ Most had given four or more speeches over the past two years.
-‐ Most of the speeches were given at their jobs.
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Public Speaking and You Public Speaking occurs when one person addresses a group for a specific purpose
Speeches may be short or long, formal or informal, funny or serious
What are some examples of speeches you might have to give here at school?
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Purposes of Public Speaking
To inform Social Ritual Speech
To Persuade
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Speaking to Inform A speech to inform is designed to increase the knowledge of the listeners
This speech may introduce the audience to a new subject or present an in-‐depth look at a familiar topic
It may describe or demonstrate
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Speaking to Inform Examples
How to make tacos What did the Mars Pathfinder Mission tell us Making your own webpage Fossils of Arizona
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Social Ritual Speech This is a special type of speech to inform. Social-‐ritual speeches are short and follow a set pattern.
Listeners expect social-‐ritual speeches to follow certain patterns and may become annoyed or confused if the patterns are not followed.
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BRAINSTORM Write some examples of speeches to inform
You should have a mix of description, demonstration, and social-‐ritual.
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Speaking to Persuade A Speech to persuade is designed to convince the listeners to hold a certain belief or act in a certain way
It may include new information if the speaker needs to increase the audiences knowledge but the main purpose is to get the listeners to think or act differently
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Speaking to Persuade Examples:
Drunk Drivers deserve tougher punishments Homelessness is everyone’s problem Anorexia and Advertising: Is there a connection?
The speaker would try to convince the listeners to agree with him or her or take some action.
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BRAINSTORM Write few examples of speeches to persuade.
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Topic SelecAon For most classroom speeches you will choose your own topic
There are two criteria for choosing topic 1. Choose a topic that interests you 2. Choose a topic that will interest the audience
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Topic SelecAon Personal interests You must select a topic that interests you If you are not excited about the topic, it will be hard to get your audience excited
If you are bored or sound bored during your presentation, then your audience will be bored
If you are excited, your audience will get excited too. CHOOSE A TOPIC THAT INTERESTS YOU!
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Topic SelecAon Audience Appeal Ask yourself if the listeners would find this topic interesting
After you have selected a topic think about how the audience will react; if you think they will not like the topic, then you need to pick a new one
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Audience Analysis A good speaker always considers how to connect the audience and the message
Audience Analysis is any information about the audience that helps the speaker communicate effectively
Knowing your audience will help you select the right topic or the right words to keep their attention
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Audience Analysis Basic Data Beliefs and Opinions Knowledge of Topic Expectations
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Basic Data Age Gender Occupation Education Level Income Level
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Beliefs and Opinions Being sensitive to an audience’s political views or religious beliefs can help speakers avoid offending the audience by accident
Example: You would not want to give a speech on gun control to an audience full of hunters
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Knowledge of the Topic You will have to ask yourself if the audience has any background knowledge of your subject, or if this is a brand new topic for them
Why?
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ExpectaAons The speaker needs to know what the audience expects If the audience expects a speech about Spain and someone shows up talking about “How to Make French Toast” then something is wrong
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Audience Goal An Audience Goal describes what the listeners should be able to do after the speech is completed
I want my listeners to… Example:
I want my listeners to understand three reasons why playing sports is important: Developing physical coordination Learning about teamwork Getting exercise
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Audience Goal An audience goal is always worded in terms of what the listeners should be able to do, NOT what the speaker will do
You will be required to do this for your speeches
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Journal When do people you know make speeches? For one week list all the situations that involve a person you know talking to an audience of ten or more people. Note the ages of the speakers and the reasons for their presentations.