chapter 9 population distribution and abundance northern gannet
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 9 Population Distribution and Abundance
Northern Gannet
Late Spring – Mid-Summer
Late Summer – Early Spring
Across the Atlantic …
POPULATION
Population: All the individuals of a Given Species in a Defined Area
Distribution
Distribution: Size, Shape and Location of the area it occupies
ABUNDANCE
Abundance: Total Number of Individuals of Northern Gannet in a Defined Area.
DENSITY
Density: Number of Individuals per Unit Area50 m
60 Birdsin Box
Distribution: Large ScaleSugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
Distribution: Large ScaleSugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
26
Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
POPULATION
Distribution: Large Scale
Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
27
Forrest Shreve (1878-1950)
Distribution: Large ScaleSaguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
Distribution: Large ScaleSaguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
Distribution: Large Scale Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
? ?
?
DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale
Fig. 9.3 in Molles 2008
TIGER BEETLE (Cicindela longilabris)
32
Fig. 9.4 in Molles 2006
DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale
NORTH AMERICA VEGETATION TYPES
Distribution: Medium ScaleElevation Gradients (Zonation)
Gila River Valley
23
Arizona Sycamore
Pinon Pine
24
25
Ponderosa Pine
26
White Fir
(Trees of the Gila National Forest)
Distribution: Elevation Gradients
Distribution: Small ScaleIntertidal Gradients (Zonation)
NICHE: Environmental Limits of a Species
Fundamental Niche (Red)
FUNDAMENTAL NICHE: Physical Conditions under which a Species Might LiveIN ABSENCE OF COMPETITION FROM OTHER SPECIES
Fundamental Niche (Green)
REALIZED NICHE: Physical Conditions under which a Species Might LiveLIMITED BY BIOTIC INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SPECIES
~ 20,000 Years Ago
DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation
Sugar Maple
Eastern Hemlock
DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation
Sugar MapleEastern Hemlock
DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation
European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)39
DISTRIBUTION: Large ScaleTemporal Variation
34
EUROPEAN STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris)
Creosote (Larrea tridentata)
Regular (= Uniform) Pattern
1
2
PATTERN
10
Regular (= Uniform) PatternPATTERN
Parry’s Agave (Agave parryi)
4 6PATTERN
Clumped (= Aggregated) Pattern
Cliff SwallowWilldebeast
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScaleClumped (= Aggregated) Pattern
Cottonwood Mistletoe (Phoradendron macrophyllum)
12
13
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScaleClumped (= Aggregated) Pattern
Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScaleRandom Pattern
9
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScaleRandom Pattern
Fig. 9-10 in Molles 2006
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScalePattern: Random, Regular, Clumped
Uniform
Temporal Variation in Pattern
Clumped
Random
Creosote(Larrea tridentata)
Fig. 9.13 in Molles 2006
Temporal Variation in Pattern
Creosote (Larrea tridentata)
15
PATTERN: Small ScaleMechanism for Regular Pattern
Fig. 9.14 in Molles 2006
Mechanism for Regular Pattern
78
Pattern at Multiple Spatial Scales
18
21Christmas Bird Count (Winter)
Patterns at Large Spatial Scales
Fig. 9.15 in Molles 2007
American Crow Fish Crow
Patterns at Large Spatial Scales
Christmas Bird Count (Winter)
19
17
18 Breeding Bird Survey(Summer)
Patterns at Large Spatial Scales
Summer Distributions
Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
Fig. 9.16 in Molles 2006
Patterns at Large Spatial Scales
1 http://www.kayaklakemead.com/sitebuilder/images/creosote_bush_range- 420x305.jpg
2 http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/boga/html/Larrea.divaricata.ka.JPG
3 http://www.tarleton.edu/~range/Edwards%20Pictures%2005/ Summer2005_Slides/su05%20247%20creosote.jpg
4 http://www.starr-nursery.com/images/Agave%20parryi%20nw02.jpg
5 http://misheli.image.pbase.com/u34/pinicola/upload/34660473. 020herdpressure.jpg6 http://wc.pima.edu/~bfiero/tucsonecology/plants/images/sw_paag01.jpg
7 http://visel.freeshell.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2006/01/cornfields.png
9 http://citybugs.tamu.edu/FastSheets/images/leafcutter_ant_mound.gif
10 http://ars.sdstate.edu/faculty/smarta/Range415/Prairie%20dog%20need%20 to%20sort%20061.jpg
11 http://k53.pbase.com/o4/29/336929/1/62896394.jfMZnmhh.T2311Swallow NestCommune.jpg
12 http://www.delange.org/MistletoeChristmas/Dsc00094.jpg
13 http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/images/B999images/B999-8.jpg
14 http://www.tarleton.edu/~range/Edwards%20Pictures%2005/Summer2005 _Slides/su05%20247%20creosote.jpg
15 http://www.dartmouth.edu/~ravirg/images/creosote.root.jpg
16 http://www.wildlife-fantasy.com/artwork/songbirds.jpg
17 http://www.miriameaglemon.com/photogallery/P6040258%20Floyd %20KCR.jpg
18 http://www.epa.gov/cludygxb/images/bbs-2.gif
19 http://www.coffeecreekwc.org/photos/birds/American_Crow.jpg
20 http://www.dpughphoto.com/images/fish%20crow%20ocracoke %2050906.JPG
21 http://www.challender.demon.co.uk/bird/trip/beardedt.jpg
22 http://www.truthorconsequencesnm.net/us_forest/mogollon -mts-o.jpg
23 http://www.delange.org/SycamoreArizona/Dsc00020.jpg
24 http://www.avant-gardening.com/Pinon-Pine---Pinus-edulis.jpg
25 http://z.about.com/d/forestry/1/0/d/2/pp.jpg
26 http://www.friendsofsaguaro.org/sagdistributionmaplarge. gif
27 http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/images/shreve.jpg
28 http://nartowicz.users.btopenworld.com/seedlings/geometricus3.jpg
29 http://www.delange.org/Saguaro/DscSag2.jpg
30 http://www.theus50.com/images/state-quarters/vermont-quarter.jpg
31 http://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/taxonomy/plants/spermatophyta/ angiosperms/dicotyledonae/aceraceae/sugar%20maple/JSC%209807 %20Sugar%20Maple.JPG
32 http://www.lesinsectesduquebec.com/insecta/24-coleoptera/cicindela _longilabris-1.JPG
33 http://bailey.aros.net/nature/images/European%20Starling.jpg
34 Ricklefs, R.E. and G. Miller. 2000. Ecology, 4th edition. W.H. Freeman and Co.
35 http://www.birdbuzz.com/site/images/bird_id/red_eyed_vireo.jpg
36 http://www.gdargaud.net/Antarctica/Life/ManyEmperors.jpg
37 http://www.flyingover.net/files/photos/Golden%20eagle%20%20(c)% 20Arne%20Ader.JPG
38 http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2007/01/22/snow-in-tucson-january-of-2007/
39 http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/images/2007/08/29/shakespeare.jpg