chapter 9 jefferson

29
The Era of Thomas Jeffer son Photo from National Park Service/Nathan King 1800- 1815 Notes to accompany Prentice Hall’s America History of Our Nation Additional information from Monticello.org,NEH.org, Irving Anderson and PBS.org, lewisandclarktrail.org ,Bar bary Wars at Clements-

Upload: allison-barnette

Post on 24-May-2015

1.074 views

Category:

Education


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Era of Jefferson Chapter 9

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Chapter 9 jefferson

The Era of

Thomas Jefferso

n

Photo from National Park Service/Nathan King

1800- 1815

Notes to accompany

Prentice Hall’s America

History of Our Nation

Additional information from Monticello.org,NEH.org, Irving Anderson and PBS.org, lewisandclarktrail.org ,Barbary Wars at Clements-University of Michigan

Page 2: Chapter 9 jefferson

Section 1: Jefferson Takes Office

Photo credit: Library of Congress, charcoal art drawing

Page 3: Chapter 9 jefferson

Republicans take charge•Notable occurrences with the election of 1800:•A bitter campaign•Peaceful transfer of power from one party to another•Tie in electoral college meant House would decide•Aaron Burr named VP•12th Amendment finally allowed VP to be elected separately from President

Page 4: Chapter 9 jefferson

The Inauguration

Even though Jefferson was a champion for the common man, his estate Monticello is a testament to his family holdings and his unusual interests. This is the West face or “nickel” face of the home.

In Washington, D.C. Jefferson walked to it Less aristocratic greetings Speech called for unity among

Federalists and Republicans

Roam around Monticello, and you’ll see how Jefferson was an “out of the box” thinker. This bed designed to let him awake in one room or another is one example.

Photos from Monicello.org

His intense interest in botany is evidenced in the hundreds of varieties of trees, flowers, fruits, and vegetables grown at Monticello.

Page 5: Chapter 9 jefferson

Jefferson’s New Course -The Revolution of 1800

• Laissez Faire- Leave the economy alone. The government should not interfere.• Get rid of the Sedition Act.• Reduce the size of

government.• Cut the # of gov’t employees• “ “ size of the military• “ “ taxes (including the

Whiskey Tax)

• These Federalist policies would remain:• Pay off national debts.• Allow many Federalists to

keep their jobs.

The 1795 flag included the new states of Kentucky and Vermont.

Page 6: Chapter 9 jefferson

The Supreme Court and Judicial Review

In his last days of office, Adams selected several federal justices. William Marbury was one of these.

Angry Republicans called these appointments “Midnight Judges.”

Jefferson instructed Sec. of State James Madison to hold up the paperwork. Marbury sued Madison according to the Judiciary Act of 1789.

1

2

3

Page 7: Chapter 9 jefferson

Marbury v. Madison• According to Judiciary Act, a case

against a Federal official went to the Supreme Court. John Marshall was Chief Justice. Speaking for all the justices, he ruled• Supreme Court gets power from Constitution,

not Congress.• Judicial Act was unconstitutional.• Therefore, Marbury couldn’t bring a case.RESULT: The Supreme Court ends up having the power to decide whether laws are Constitutional or not. This is called Judicial Review. It’s what makes the Supreme Court “Supreme.”

Marshall

Marbury

Madison

Page 8: Chapter 9 jefferson

Section 2: Louisiana Purchase

Page 9: Chapter 9 jefferson

• U.S. had relied on the Pinckney Treaty with Spain to be able to use the port of New Orleans, but that wasn’t working so well. Then Spain gave N.O. and Louisiana Territory to France.• What if Napoleon wanted to block American economy

and expansion?• Jefferson decided to try to buy New Orleans from

France.

Page 10: Chapter 9 jefferson

France’s motivation to sellA revolution led by Toussaint L’Ouverture in Haiti left no base of operations in the West.

Napoleon wanted to invade Britain.

Page 11: Chapter 9 jefferson

The Deal

• James Monroe and Robert Livingston started negotiations with Talleyrand, but were surprised when he wanted to sell ALL of Louisiana, not just New Orleans. The U.S. bought Louisiana for $15 million, about 4cents per acre.

Page 12: Chapter 9 jefferson

The Constitutional Dilemma• How does the strict

interpreter of the Constitution say it’s okay to buy land if it’s not in the Constitution?• Congress would have to

pass a treaty.

Page 13: Chapter 9 jefferson

Lewis and Clark Expedition• Meriwether Lewis,

William Clark, and 31 other men of the Corps of Discovery began gathering in Pittsburg, and started their journey westward from St. Louis together. In addition to the 33 men, there was a Newfoundland dog named Seaman.

Page 14: Chapter 9 jefferson

• Along the way, two men were dismissed from service. At the Mandan villages in North Dakota, L &C recruited a Frenchman named Charbonneau and his young wife, Sacagawea, to interpret Native languages for them. They had a newborn son, Jean Baptiste. Clark nicknamed him Pompy.

By most accounts, she was only about 13 at the time. She also gave birth to a daughter, Lisette, after the journey. Sacagawea reportedly died at about age 25. Clark adopted her children and made sure Jean Baptiste was educated. Very little is recorded about the daughter.

Page 15: Chapter 9 jefferson

Their job was threefold:• Investigate and record

findings about flora, fauna, geography, and wildlife.• Try to find a navigable

water route to the Pacific Ocean.• Create trade connections

with Native Americans in these areas.

Page 16: Chapter 9 jefferson

• The group eventually crossed the Continental Divide at the Rockies. Although they didn’t find a continuous water route, they did find the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific.

Page 17: Chapter 9 jefferson

• Zebulon Pike was also exploring in the West. Pike’s Peak in Colorado is named for him. He was captured by the Spanish and brought back information about the Spanish borderlands.

Page 18: Chapter 9 jefferson

Section 3: A Time of Conflict• Since the 1780’s America

had been paying “tribute” to the Barbary States in order to be able to trade through the Mediterranean region that included Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli. Jefferson called an end to the extortion to keep them from pirating, and instead sent navy escorts with the American merchant ships.

Page 19: Chapter 9 jefferson

• After the Philadelphia ran aground off Tripoli, the pirates took it. Stephen Decatur was sent in another ship later. His crew rid the Philadelphia of the pirates and burned it down. Later, the Marines went into Tripoli and sealed a victory over the Barbary pirates.

• The Marine Hymn starts, ”From the halls of Montezuma to the shores of Tripoli…”

• http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=marine+corps+anthem&FORM=VIRE1#view=detail&mid=6ACE82A645B783A3EB316ACE82A645B783A3EB31The scene above depicts Decatur being saved by one of his

crew, who steps into shield him. Both survived.

Page 20: Chapter 9 jefferson

American Neutrality Challenged

Britain and France were again at war, and again trying to cut off trade between the U.S. and their foe. Britain was also impressing sailors.1807-Congress passed the Embargo Act, saying no American ship could go to a foreign port.America was trying to economically force respect from Britain and France, but the big loser was the U.S.! Smuggling was rampant.The Embargo Act was changed to the Nonintercourse Act, that cut off trade with only these two countries; but there were ways to get around that, too.

Page 21: Chapter 9 jefferson

Try to analyze this Embargo Act cartoon. Who does the guy on the left look like? From what country is the ship in the harbor? Why is the guy going toward the ship being bitten by a turtle? What is significant about calling the turtle Ograbme? Why do you think the artist chose a turtle, rather than some other animal? Now that you’ve determined the guy on the left is Jefferson, how does he seem to feel about what the turtle is doing? How does the artist feel about the Embargo Act? What is his purpose?

Page 22: Chapter 9 jefferson

Tecumseh and the Prophet• Two Shawnee brothers

tried to urge all the Western tribes to organize resistance to American expansion.• At the Battle of

Tippecanoe, William Henry Harrison (who later became our 9th President) gained a major win for the U.S. and a heroic reputation for himself.

Page 23: Chapter 9 jefferson

Section 4: War of 1812

Page 24: Chapter 9 jefferson

The Move Toward War• Nationalism was on the rise.

James Madison was the new President in 1809.• Henry Clay of Kentucky and

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina were leaders in the House of Representatives who were warhawks. (Webster was against it.)• They encouraged war with

Britain when Britain declared they would not quit impressing sailors.

Page 25: Chapter 9 jefferson

Early War of 1812• It wasn’t looking good for the

U.S.• British blockades• Natives helping protect

Canada• Weak from Jefferson’s

spending cutsOn the bright side,• The U.S.S.

Constitution defeated the British warship Guerriere.• The British were also at

war with France. • Old Ironsides

Page 26: Chapter 9 jefferson

War of 1812 in the West and South• Oliver Hazard Perry on

Lake Erie: “We have met the enemy, and they are ours.” The British retreated into Canada.• Andrew Jackson (later our

7th President) defeated the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend.

Page 27: Chapter 9 jefferson

At Washington and Baltimore• The British set fire to the

White House. Dolly Madison escaped with some papers and a painting of George Washington.• At Fort McHenry, Baltimore,

Americans beat back the British attack, inspiring Francis Scott Key to write our National Anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.”http://

www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_documents-1812.html Dolly Madison letter to her sister

Page 28: Chapter 9 jefferson

Protests and Peace• Federalists and New Englanders were strong

opponents to the war.• NH threatened to secede.• The Treaty of Ghent ended the war with no clear

winner. However, America seemed once and for all free from Britain, and there was a new pride in the nation.

Page 29: Chapter 9 jefferson

Battle of New Orleans• Not knowing the war was

over, Andrew Jackson led an amazing victory over the British at New Orleans.