Chapter 9Jefferson ERA

I wrote the Dec. of Independence

I wrote the Dec. of Independence

Ch 9 Jefferson EraSec 1

• Election 1800• Republicans TAKE POWER• Jefferson President/Aaron Burr VP

– Tie in the electoral college, so House of Reps decides– Alexander Hamilton urged one Federalist to vote

Demo.Rep for Jefferson

• 12th Amendment– Requires electors (electoral college) to vote for

Pres and VP separately

Jefferson won only because of Hamilton!!

Jefferson’s Inauguration

• 1801 • Jefferson tries to bridge gap between Fed.

And Rep• Frugal govt, support state govts, large govt

threatened liberties– Laissez-faire-let people do as they choose

• Support States Rights– States more powerful than fed. govt

• Reduce the size of federal govt.

I am frugal

I am frugal

Jefferson’s PoliciesFRUGAL

• Cabinet- all Republicans with same views• Allowed Alien and Sedition Acts

to expire and repealed Naturalization acts

• Scaled down military• Repeal all federal internal taxes (whiskey)• Funds will come from customs duties• Federal govt. consisted of a few hundred

people

Judiciary Act 1801

• Set up regional courts– Judicary act of 1789 set up federal

courts• Adams midnight appointments to courts

ensured Federalist Control• John Marshall Chief Justice• Marbury vs. Madison- judicial

review

Section 2 Louisiana Purchase

• 1800 Territory of US stretched to Mississippi River

• LA territory belonged to Spain• Spain had secretly given LT to France• Napoleon had plans for empires

Louisiana Terr.

Nation Expands

• France informed Am diplomats that the LT was for sale

• 15 million was paid• Doubled size of US overnight!! 1803

MONEY!

Napoleon

Jefferson

Louisiana Purchase 1803 Doubles the size of US!

US after Treaty of Paris 1783

Lewis and Clark

• Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore the LP• Left in 1804 and worked up the Missouri River• Met Sacagawea• Returned 1806• Collected animals, plants, drawn maps and

information on people• Provided inspiration for westward movement

Federalists Disagree

• Did not support the LP• Thought newly carved states would be Rep.

Plotted to secede

BURR AND HAMILTON

still mad about election

of 1800….

Burr kills Hamilton in duel

Section 3 Conflict

• US expanding trade to China and India– Jefferson will be challenged

• Barbary Pirates- demanded tribute, protection, to let ships pass safely.

• War with Tripoli ended in 1805• Freedom of seas- US had a thriving foreign

trade depending on the seas

Barbary Pirates

Jefferson Re-Elected in 1804

Yippee!!!

War

• England and France at war in 1803• US remained neutral• Impressment again• Embargo Act 1807 prohibited trade with any

foreign countries• Hurt US more than England

War Fever

• Jefferson leaves office, Madison President-1808

• Madison thought England was a threat, more than France

Ohio River Valley

• Conflicts with Native Americans• Settlers want more land• Battle of Tippecanoe won by Americans• Now Indians siding with British

War Hawks• From the South and West• Wanted to go to war with England• Strong sense of Nationalism• Henry Clay• John Calhoun• Pressured Congress to strengthen military

Review Questions

• Who was elected president after Jefferson in 1808?

• What country was a major threat to the US at this time? France or England?

• Why were we fighting with Native Americans?

• Who were war hawks?

Section 4 War of 1812

• July 1812 America vs. England and her Native American allies

• The British would be hard to defeat• We were not prepared for war.. Jefferson’s

policy of minimizing the military hurt us

War continues

• 1814 British attacked Washington D.C.• British burned buildings and proceeded to

Baltimore

• Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner” while watching the fire fight over Ft. McHenry

War Ends

• England concluded that war was too costly and unnecessary

• Napoleon removed from power• Treaty of Ghent signed to end war• Didn’t change a thing.. Just to have peace• Battle of New Orleans occurred after

peace treaty• Andrew Jackson war hero instantly

Nationalism

• Federalist party lost respect b/c not favoring war with England

• Strong Nat. government carried on in War Hawks