Chapter 9Georgia in the Trust

Period

Interactive NotebookInteractive Notebook

Limits on ColonistsLimits on Colonists Limits on TrusteesLimits on Trustees

Benefits of Becoming a ColonistColonists Must agree to…

The Charter of 1732 “Trustees for the Establishing of the Colony of Georgia in America”

Charter: a legal document that grants special rights and sets up the rules under which something operates.Trustee: people who hold responsibility and act on behalf of others.

In 1732, King George II created a charter allowing 21 Trustees, including Oglethorpe, to create a Georgia colony and oversee it for 21 years.

The Charter of 1732The trustees could not make a profit in any way and could

notget any land or receive a salary for serving on the trust.

The trustees were trying to do a good deed.

Their motto was: “Non Sibi Sed Aliis,” Latin for “not for self,but for others.”

The Georgia Seal

The Charter of 1732The Charter of 1732 placed numerous limits on the colonists. Georgia would have freedom of religion except for Catholics. Catholics, blacks, liquor dealers, and lawyers were not admitted to the colony. Slavery, alcohol, and gambling were also prohibited in Georgia.It included the land between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers and extended west to the Pacific Ocean.

The name of the colony was to be “Georgia” in honor of King George.

The Charter of 1732

Regulations:

• Each male who went to GA as a charity colonist received 50 acres of land along with tools and a year’s supply of food and other necessities.• Male citizens must join the militia (a force of citizen-soldiers).• Women were not permitted to own land.• Colonists must plant mulberry trees on some of their land.• Colonists that “paid” for their passage were given up to 500 acres, but they had to have a male live on every 50 acres.

The Charter of 1732•The Charter of 1732 placed numerous limits on the colonists.• Georgia would have freedom of religion except for Catholics. •Catholics, blacks, liquor dealers, and lawyers were not admitted to the

colony. • Slavery, alcohol, and gambling were also prohibited in Georgia.

Few debtors, former prisoners, or working poor ever made it to GeorgiaBetween 114 and 125 settlers sailed from England on the ship Ann in 1732.

The Settlers of the Georgia ColonyWho went to the Georgia colony?

•People considered “deserving”, which meant they were poor for reasonsout of their control.•44 of the first 114 colonists were female, most either wives or daughtersof male settlers.•Later they realized that they needed more single women of marriageableage.

The Ann

Tomochichi and Mary Tomochichi and Mary MusgroveMusgrove

► Oglethorpe befriended Oglethorpe befriended TomochichiTomochichi, chief of the Yamacraw , chief of the Yamacraw Indians. Indians.

► The Yamacraw Indians were struggling to survive and had The Yamacraw Indians were struggling to survive and had became dependent on European goods. Tomochichi became dependent on European goods. Tomochichi believed that befriending Oglethorpe would benefit his believed that befriending Oglethorpe would benefit his people and form a new trading partnership.people and form a new trading partnership.

► Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff overlooking Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff overlooking the Savannah River. This became the first settlement of the Savannah River. This became the first settlement of the new Georgia colony.the new Georgia colony.

► Mary Musgrove and her husband John had created a Mary Musgrove and her husband John had created a trading post near the Yamacraw Bluff where they would trading post near the Yamacraw Bluff where they would trade British goods to the Native Americans.trade British goods to the Native Americans.

► Tomochichi spoke very little English so Tomochichi spoke very little English so Mary MusgroveMary Musgrove served as the interpreted between Oglethorpe and served as the interpreted between Oglethorpe and Tomochichi.Tomochichi.

Mary Musgrove and Tomochichi

Chief of the Yamacraw

Interpreter for Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

SavannahSavannah

► William Bull from S. Carolina, helped lay out the streets and William Bull from S. Carolina, helped lay out the streets and squares. Savannah began with 4 squares.squares. Savannah began with 4 squares.

► Each square have 20 lots on the north side and 20 lots on the Each square have 20 lots on the north side and 20 lots on the south side. south side.

► Each lot was 60ft. X 90 ft.Each lot was 60ft. X 90 ft.► Each square with its 40 lots was called a “ward”Each square with its 40 lots was called a “ward”► Each male head of a household received his 50 acres of land, Each male head of a household received his 50 acres of land,

which included one of these town lots on a square, a garden which included one of these town lots on a square, a garden on the edge of town, and a 45 acre farm lot further out.on the edge of town, and a 45 acre farm lot further out.

► James Oglethorpe supervised the building. He did not have James Oglethorpe supervised the building. He did not have the official title of governor, but was the only trustee on site.the official title of governor, but was the only trustee on site.

SavannahSavannah► 40 settlers died the first year, probably from what they called 40 settlers died the first year, probably from what they called

“fevers” or typhoid.“fevers” or typhoid.► Public buildings were built. The first was the courthouse that Public buildings were built. The first was the courthouse that

also served as the church. Colonist defended themselves also served as the church. Colonist defended themselves since no lawyers were permitted.since no lawyers were permitted.

► A guardhouse was located on the east end of town with a A guardhouse was located on the east end of town with a “pillory” (wooden stocks in which a person’s head and hands “pillory” (wooden stocks in which a person’s head and hands were locked).were locked).

► A storehouse, a mill for grinding grain into flour, and a large A storehouse, a mill for grinding grain into flour, and a large public over for baking bread.public over for baking bread.

Grist Mill Pillory Public Oven

Savannah

Jews in GeorgiaJews in Georgia

► 42 Arrived in 173342 Arrived in 1733► the only reason Gen. Oglethorpe admitted the only reason Gen. Oglethorpe admitted

the Jewish settlers was because of a doctor the Jewish settlers was because of a doctor on board who could help cure a yellow fever on board who could help cure a yellow fever epidemic. (Dr. Samuel Nunez)epidemic. (Dr. Samuel Nunez)

► His medical attention saved a colony from His medical attention saved a colony from complete loss to Yellow Fevercomplete loss to Yellow Fever

► Settled in Savannah, Monterey Square is the Settled in Savannah, Monterey Square is the site of the Jewish Synagogue built and is still site of the Jewish Synagogue built and is still in use today, 3in use today, 3rdrd oldest synagogue in the oldest synagogue in the nation.nation.

New LawsNew LawsOglethorpe’s Return in 1736Oglethorpe’s Return in 1736

► Rum Law—made the sale and use of rum and other “spirits” Rum Law—made the sale and use of rum and other “spirits” illegal in GA. Settlers could drink beer, wine, and cider.illegal in GA. Settlers could drink beer, wine, and cider.

► Anyone trading with the Indians in GA must have a license. Anyone trading with the Indians in GA must have a license. Trustees wanted to keep good relations with the Indians by Trustees wanted to keep good relations with the Indians by making sure they were treated fairly. GA didn’t want them to making sure they were treated fairly. GA didn’t want them to become become alliesallies( a person, group, or country who joins with ( a person, group, or country who joins with another for a common interest.)another for a common interest.)

► Slavery is illegal. Slavery is illegal. Indentured servants Indentured servants (people who sold their (people who sold their labor for a period of years in return for passage to the colony, labor for a period of years in return for passage to the colony, usually for 7 years).usually for 7 years).

Interactive NotebookInteractive NotebookROLE OF THE ROLE OF THE

SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SCOTSSALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SCOTS

► WHO: SALZBURGERSWHO: SALZBURGERS► WHAT: WHAT:

► WHEN: WHEN: ► WHERE: WHERE:

► WHY:WHY:

► WHO: HIGHLAND WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTSSCOTS

► WHAT: WHAT:

► WHEN: WHEN: ► WHERE:WHERE:

► WHY:WHY:

SALZBURGERSSALZBURGERS

► ““The Georgia Salzburgers, a group of The Georgia Salzburgers, a group of German-speaking Protestant colonists, German-speaking Protestant colonists, founded the town of Ebenezer in what is now founded the town of Ebenezer in what is now Effingham County. Arriving in 1734, the Effingham County. Arriving in 1734, the group received support from King George II of group received support from King George II of England and the Georgia Trustees after being England and the Georgia Trustees after being expelled from its home in the Catholic expelled from its home in the Catholic principality of Salzburg (in present-day principality of Salzburg (in present-day Austria). The Salzburgers survived extreme Austria). The Salzburgers survived extreme hardships in both Europe and Georgia to hardships in both Europe and Georgia to establish a prosperous and culturally unique establish a prosperous and culturally unique community.” - New Georgia Encyclopediacommunity.” - New Georgia Encyclopedia

SALZBURGERS key pointsSALZBURGERS key points

► 1734 - came to Georgia after being expelled from 1734 - came to Georgia after being expelled from Germany / Austria for not being CatholicGermany / Austria for not being Catholic

► Protestants who wanted religious freedomProtestants who wanted religious freedom► Created the town of Ebenezer, but was too swampy Created the town of Ebenezer, but was too swampy

to surviveto survive► Relocated to the town of New Ebenezer along Relocated to the town of New Ebenezer along

Savannah River – became a very religious Savannah River – became a very religious community, also had silk millscommunity, also had silk mills

► Trustees liked the hard working Salzburgers Trustees liked the hard working Salzburgers because they did not like slavery or alcohol which because they did not like slavery or alcohol which were rules the colonists had to live bywere rules the colonists had to live by

► Very successful farmersVery successful farmers

Rincon, Georgia is where the town of New Ebenezer was located.

Sketch of Ebenezer, GeorgiaSketch of Ebenezer, GeorgiaPrint from Von Reck Archive, Royal Library of Denmark, CopenhagenPrint from Von Reck Archive, Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen

MAP OF THE SALZBURGER SETTLEMENT OF NEW EBENEZER ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER

SALZBURGERS SALZBURGERS

Whatever you forget about the Salzburgers Whatever you forget about the Salzburgers between now and the CRCT, at least between now and the CRCT, at least remember this…remember this…

The Salzburgers were Protestant The Salzburgers were Protestant Christians who were kicked out of Christians who were kicked out of Catholic controlled Germany and Catholic controlled Germany and wanted religious freedom in wanted religious freedom in Georgia.Georgia.

ROLE OF THE ROLE OF THE SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND

SCOTSSCOTS► WHO: SALZBURGERSWHO: SALZBURGERS► WHAT: GROUP OF WHAT: GROUP OF

PROTESTANT PEOPLE PROTESTANT PEOPLE FROM EUROPE (GERMANY / FROM EUROPE (GERMANY / AUSTRIA) WHO HELPED AUSTRIA) WHO HELPED COLONIZE GEORGIACOLONIZE GEORGIA

► WHEN: 1734WHEN: 1734► WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN

OF NEW EBENEZER OF NEW EBENEZER NORTHWEST OF NORTHWEST OF SAVANNAH ALONG THE SAVANNAH ALONG THE SAVANNAH RIVER.SAVANNAH RIVER.

► WHY: ESCAPED RELIGIOUS WHY: ESCAPED RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION FROM PERSECUTION FROM CATHOLIC CONTROLLED CATHOLIC CONTROLLED GERMANY / AUSTRIAGERMANY / AUSTRIA

► WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTSWHO: HIGHLAND SCOTS► WHAT: WHAT:

► WHEN: WHEN: ► WHERE:WHERE:

► WHY:WHY:

HIGHLAND SCOTSHIGHLAND SCOTS

► ““James Oglethorpe wanted to protect the James Oglethorpe wanted to protect the Georgia colony from possible attacks from Georgia colony from possible attacks from Spanish Florida. The men of Scotland had Spanish Florida. The men of Scotland had the reputation of being good soldiers, and so the reputation of being good soldiers, and so Oglethorpe recruited a group of about 175 Oglethorpe recruited a group of about 175 Highland Scots to settle in the area south of Highland Scots to settle in the area south of Savannah. The group arrived at the Savannah. The group arrived at the Altamaha River in 1736 and established a Altamaha River in 1736 and established a settlement they originally called New settlement they originally called New Inverness. Later, they changed the name to Inverness. Later, they changed the name to Darien.” Darien.”

- Dr. Glen Blankenship and Vicki Wood- Dr. Glen Blankenship and Vicki Wood

HIGHLAND SCOTS key pointsHIGHLAND SCOTS key points

► Came to Georgia in 1736 from ScotlandCame to Georgia in 1736 from Scotland► Built the town / fort of Darien south of Built the town / fort of Darien south of

Savannah along the Altamaha RiverSavannah along the Altamaha River► Reputation of hard working people who were Reputation of hard working people who were

good soldiersgood soldiers► Protected the Georgia colony from Spanish Protected the Georgia colony from Spanish

Florida – helped Oglethorpe push the Florida – helped Oglethorpe push the Spanish out of Georgia in the Battle of Spanish out of Georgia in the Battle of Bloody MarshBloody Marsh

► Changed from farming to cattle raising and Changed from farming to cattle raising and harvesting timberharvesting timber

► Opposed slavery in the colonyOpposed slavery in the colony

Darien: Where the Highland Scots built a fort and settlement to protect the colony from Spanish Florida.

HIGHLAND SCOTS SUMMARYHIGHLAND SCOTS SUMMARY

Whatever you forget about the Highland Whatever you forget about the Highland Scots between now and the CRCT, at least Scots between now and the CRCT, at least remember this…remember this…

The Highland Scots were soldiers The Highland Scots were soldiers who colonized Georgia by creating who colonized Georgia by creating the town of Darien and helped the town of Darien and helped defend the colony from the Spanish defend the colony from the Spanish during the Battle of Bloody Marsh.during the Battle of Bloody Marsh.

ROLE OF THE ROLE OF THE SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND

SCOTSSCOTS► WHO: SALZBURGERSWHO: SALZBURGERS► WHAT: GROUP OF WHAT: GROUP OF

PROTESTANT PEOPLE PROTESTANT PEOPLE FROM EUROPE (GERMANY / FROM EUROPE (GERMANY / AUSTRIA) WHO HELPED AUSTRIA) WHO HELPED COLONIZE GEORGIACOLONIZE GEORGIA

► WHEN: 1734WHEN: 1734► WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN

OF NEW EBENEZER OF NEW EBENEZER NORTHWEST OF NORTHWEST OF SAVANNAH ALONG THE SAVANNAH ALONG THE SAVANNAH RIVER.SAVANNAH RIVER.

► WHY: ESCAPED RELIGIOUS WHY: ESCAPED RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION FROM PERSECUTION FROM CATHOLIC CONTROLLED CATHOLIC CONTROLLED GERMANY / AUSTRIAGERMANY / AUSTRIA

► WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTSWHO: HIGHLAND SCOTS► WHAT: GROUP OF WHAT: GROUP OF

SOLDIERS FROM SCOTLAND SOLDIERS FROM SCOTLAND WHO HELP COLONIZE WHO HELP COLONIZE GEORGIA AND DEFEND THE GEORGIA AND DEFEND THE COLONY FROM THE COLONY FROM THE SPANISHSPANISH

► WHEN: 1736WHEN: 1736► WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN & WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN &

FORT CALLED DARIEN FORT CALLED DARIEN ALONG THE ALTAMAHA ALONG THE ALTAMAHA RIVER AND RAISED CATTLE RIVER AND RAISED CATTLE AND TIMBERAND TIMBER

► WHY: OGLETHORPE NEEDED WHY: OGLETHORPE NEEDED THEIR MILITARY HELP TO THEIR MILITARY HELP TO DEFEAT THE SPANISH DEFEAT THE SPANISH DURING THE BATTLE OF DURING THE BATTLE OF BLOODY MARSHBLOODY MARSH

MoraviansMoravians► German-speaking Protestants (religious sect: Unity of German-speaking Protestants (religious sect: Unity of

Brethren).Brethren).► Worked to educate the Indians and convert them to Worked to educate the Indians and convert them to

Christianity.Christianity.► Most lived in Savannah, but some lived nearby in Irene, Most lived in Savannah, but some lived nearby in Irene,

located about 5 miles up the Savannah River where therelocated about 5 miles up the Savannah River where there

was an Indian school. They were was an Indian school. They were pacifists pacifists and believed that and believed that any kind of fighting or violence was wrong. They had difficulty any kind of fighting or violence was wrong. They had difficulty being accepted in Georgia. Most fled to Pennsylvania. being accepted in Georgia. Most fled to Pennsylvania.

MalcontentMalcontentss

““Complaints”Complaints”► Land Problems – poor soil, too many restrictions Land Problems – poor soil, too many restrictions

on selling, leasing and inheriting land, & on selling, leasing and inheriting land, & difficulty growing what England wanteddifficulty growing what England wanted

► Slavery – Many of the crops were labor-Slavery – Many of the crops were labor-intensive. They wanted slaves like S.C.intensive. They wanted slaves like S.C.

► Rum – Rum was cheap to buy and could be Rum – Rum was cheap to buy and could be traded as well. They wanted to be able to drink.traded as well. They wanted to be able to drink.

► By 1740. some of the loudest malcontents fled By 1740. some of the loudest malcontents fled to South Carolina. The discontent did not go to South Carolina. The discontent did not go away.away.

Spanish Threat from FloridaSpanish Threat from Florida►After the explorations of Hernando DeSoto After the explorations of Hernando DeSoto

and other Spanish conquistadors, Florida was and other Spanish conquistadors, Florida was colonized by Spain. colonized by Spain.

►The Spanish were interested in the land north The Spanish were interested in the land north of their colony that later became Georgia. of their colony that later became Georgia.

►The British built Fort Frederica in Georgia in an The British built Fort Frederica in Georgia in an effort to protect the colony.effort to protect the colony.

►Georgian soldiers led an attack on St. Georgian soldiers led an attack on St. Augustine, Florida in 1740. Two years later Augustine, Florida in 1740. Two years later the Spanish attacked Fort Frederica.the Spanish attacked Fort Frederica.

►The Battle of Bloody Marsh was the main The Battle of Bloody Marsh was the main battle between British Georgia and Spanish battle between British Georgia and Spanish Florida. James Oglethorpe led the Georgia Florida. James Oglethorpe led the Georgia soldiers to victory (though he did not capture soldiers to victory (though he did not capture St. Augustine) and Spain never again attacked St. Augustine) and Spain never again attacked a British colony on the eastern coast. a British colony on the eastern coast.

End of the Trustee PeriodEnd of the Trustee Period► In 1743, Oglethorpe was called to Great Britain to In 1743, Oglethorpe was called to Great Britain to

answer charges that he had not acted correctly answer charges that he had not acted correctly when he failed to capture St. Augustine.when he failed to capture St. Augustine.

► Oglethorpe was cleared of the charges but he did Oglethorpe was cleared of the charges but he did not return to Georgia. not return to Georgia.

► Georgia still had many problems. People were also Georgia still had many problems. People were also allowed to begin buying and selling rum (alcohol) in allowed to begin buying and selling rum (alcohol) in 1742. 1742.

► People still wanted to own more land and slaves. People still wanted to own more land and slaves. By 1750 laws against land ownership (each person By 1750 laws against land ownership (each person could only own 500 acres of land) and slavery were could only own 500 acres of land) and slavery were repealed. People were now able to own as much repealed. People were now able to own as much land and as many slaves as they could afford. land and as many slaves as they could afford.

► In 1752, one year before the end of the Charter of In 1752, one year before the end of the Charter of 1732, the trustees returned Georgia to the 1732, the trustees returned Georgia to the authority of King George II and Georgia enters the authority of King George II and Georgia enters the Royal Period.Royal Period.