chapter 9 flashcards. citation a legal document roughly equivalent to a traffic ticket
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9
Flashcards
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citation
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citationa legal document roughly equivalent to a traffic ticket
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commutation of sentence
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commutation of sentence action by the executive branch of government; legally means exchanging one
punishment for another less severe one
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consolidated parole boards
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consolidated parole boards autonomous panels within the government department responsible for administering
correctional institutions or community corrections
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discretionary release
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discretionary release initiated by correctional authorities when they believe an inmate is ready for life on
the outside
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expiration release
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expiration release an unconditional release from prison when the offender’s sentence, minus any good
time credits, ends
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false negatives
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false negatives inmate who would have made a success of their parole, but is denied parole
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false positives
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false positives parolees who looked to be good risks, but later committed a crime
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good-time laws
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good-time laws passed in 1817 allowed prison officials to shorten an inmate’s prison term in exchange
for good behavior
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guardians
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guardianscitizen volunteers who supervised parolees in New York State during the 1800s
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hearing officer
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hearing officer typically a supervisory-level or senior member of the parole agency staff who conducts
the preliminary parole hearing
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independent parole boards
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independent parole boards parole board model free from any other state agency’s control and generally reports
directly to the governor
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inspector of released prisoners
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inspector of released prisoners the first parole officer
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institutional model
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institutional model a model of the composition of the consolidated parole board that typically employs
full-time corrections professionals
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Irish ticket-of-leave system
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Irish ticket-of-leave system
created by Crofton in 1854 as a way of releasing ex-convicts into the community
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iron law of imprisonment
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iron law of imprisonment except for those that die in prison, the rest eventually return to free society
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iron law of prison populations
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iron law of prison populations prison populations are determined by the number of people sent to prison and by the
amount of time the prisoners reside in them
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mandatory release
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mandatory release today many inmates serve a statutorily defined minimum length of time and their
release is automatic
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pardon
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pardonexecutive clemency or mercy; a unique and rare event
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parole
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parolea conditional release from prison
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parole agents
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parole agents parole officers; state-level civil service employees
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parole agreement
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parole agreement standard conditions of parole
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parole eligibility date
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parole eligibility date the earliest point at which the inmate can leave prison
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parole officers
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parole officers parole agents who are state-level civil service employees
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prisoner reentry
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prisoner reentry release from prison and adjustment into the free society
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summary arrest
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summary arrest when a parole officer observes a violation of parole in person, they can immediately
take the parolee into custody
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supervised release
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supervised release largely indistinguishable from parole with supervision of ex-inmates by US probation
officers