What happens to What happens to all that glucose all that glucose

that was made in that was made in photosynthesis?photosynthesis?

How does your body tell you that How does your body tell you that you are hungry?you are hungry?

• Serves as a source of raw material Serves as a source of raw material for cells to make new moleculesfor cells to make new molecules

• Provides ENERGYProvides ENERGY

9.1 Cellular Respiration9.1 Cellular Respiration• A process that releases energy by A process that releases energy by breaking down glucose & other food breaking down glucose & other food

molecules with oxygen presentmolecules with oxygen present

3 Stages of AEROBIC (with 3 Stages of AEROBIC (with oxygen) Respirationoxygen) Respiration

You go to You go to work to work to make make

money!money!

Then you save the Then you save the $$ for your future!$$ for your future!

RemembeRemember me??r me??

• Occurs in the cytoplasm of cellsOccurs in the cytoplasm of cells

• Glucose (6- Carbons) is split… Glucose (6- Carbons) is split…

• Into 2 pyruvic acid (3- Carbon Into 2 pyruvic acid (3- Carbon compound) moleculescompound) molecules

• 2 ATP molecules are used to 2 ATP molecules are used to ultimately make 4 ATP moleculesultimately make 4 ATP molecules

• How many ATP’s will we end up How many ATP’s will we end up making?making?

I’m a 3-I’m a 3-carbon carbon

moleculemolecule! !

Let’s do Let’s do some some

counting!counting!

Glucose is broken Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic down into 2 pyruvic acids… so 6 carbon,acids… so 6 carbon,

6 oxygen, and 6 oxygen, and 8 hydrogen. 8 hydrogen.

What’s missing? What’s missing?

• 4 Hydrogens are missing!!!4 Hydrogens are missing!!!

• An NAD+ (electron carrier) molecule An NAD+ (electron carrier) molecule takes 2 high energy electrons takes 2 high energy electrons (Hydrogens)(Hydrogens)

• NAD+ becomes NADHNAD+ becomes NADH

• A total of 2 NADH are made in A total of 2 NADH are made in glycolysisglycolysis

• There are 3 stages of aerobic There are 3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration _________, cellular respiration _________, _________ and ________________._________ and ________________.

• Glycolysis starts with a _________ Glycolysis starts with a _________ molecule and ends with 2 molecule and ends with 2 _________ acids and 2 electron _________ acids and 2 electron carriers called ________carriers called ________

• Glycolysis also uses 2 ATP's to get Glycolysis also uses 2 ATP's to get started, but produces ____ so we started, but produces ____ so we get ____ overall. get ____ overall.

• 2 pyruvic acid molecules are broken 2 pyruvic acid molecules are broken down into a 2-carbon molecule called down into a 2-carbon molecule called Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA

• 2 CO2 are released2 CO2 are released• And 2 NADH molecules are formedAnd 2 NADH molecules are formed• 2 Acetyl-CoA enter the Kreb’s cycle2 Acetyl-CoA enter the Kreb’s cycle

9.2 The Krebs Cycle• Occurs in the

mitochondria

• Acetyl-CoA is broken down to produce 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 and 2 ATP

• Every time you exhale you are releasing Carbon dioxide.

• This is a byproduct of the Krebs cycle.

• Your cells use the ATP created for cellular activities.

• Electrons (hydrogen atoms) are Electrons (hydrogen atoms) are passed from their carriers (NADH & passed from their carriers (NADH & FADH2) along the electron FADH2) along the electron transport chaintransport chain

• This produces 32 ATPThis produces 32 ATP• At the end of the chain oxygen is At the end of the chain oxygen is

the final hydrogen acceptor the final hydrogen acceptor producing _________producing _________

Graphic goes here Courtney

Cellular Respiration TallyHow much energy does cellular respiration

produce???

1) Glycolysis: Produces 2 ATP per Glucose

2) Krebs Cycle =2ATP

3) Electron Transport Chain: 32 ATP molecules per Glucose

Grand Total = 36 ATP

That’s more efficient than your car!!!

9.1 What happens if oxygen is not available after glycolysis???

• Instead of pyruvic acid entering the mitochondria, fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm

• It is known an anaerobic respiration

• There are 2 types:

Alcoholic

Lactic Acid

• Aerobic

• Anaerobic-fermentation

• Yeasts form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products.

• Why does bread dough rise?

• What happens to the alcohol? It evaporates when you cook it!

• Pyruvic acid + NADH yields alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

• NOTICE! No more ATP production!

Lactic Acid Fermentation• In many cells the pyruvic acid that

accumulates can be converted into lactic acid.

• Pyruvic acid + NADH yields lactic acid + NADH+

• NOTICE! No more ATP production!

What causes your body to be sore after physical activity???

Get outta my way

DONKEY!

Unicellular organisms produce lactic acid too!

• Prokaryotes are used in the production of foods like cheese, yogurt, sour cream, and pickles

• What’s a prokaryote dude?