chapter 8 transport

Upload: boss7amoud

Post on 04-Jun-2018

218 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    1/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    2/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    3/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    4/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    5/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    6/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    7/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    8/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    9/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    10/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    11/90

    Factor Effects To reduce the risk

    Smoking cigarettes Causes damage to the circulatory

    system

    Stop smoking

    Diet A diet high in salt, saturated fats (fats

    from animals) or cholesterol

    Eat a balanced diet; oils from

    plants and fish

    Obesity Increases the risk of coronary artery

    disease

    Body weight at a suitable

    level and plenty of exercise

    Stress Unmanageable stress or long term

    stress increases the risk of coronary

    artery disease

    Find ways to manage stress

    genes if several family members have

    suffered from coronary heart disease

    Reduce other risk factors; a

    healthy life-style

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    12/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    13/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    14/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    15/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    16/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    17/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    18/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    19/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    20/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    21/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    22/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    23/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    24/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    25/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    26/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    27/90

    Substance Source Destination notes

    Water Absorbed in small

    intestine and colon

    All cells Excess is removed by the

    kidneys

    Plasma proteins

    (fibrinogen &

    antibodies)

    Fibrinogen is made

    in the liver.

    Antibodies aremade by

    lymphocytes (WBC)

    Remain in the blood Fibrinogen helps in blood

    clotting. Antibodies kill

    invading pathogens

    Lipids including

    cholesterol and

    fatty acids

    Absorbed in the

    ileum. Also derived

    from fat reserves inthe body

    To the liver, for

    breakdown. To

    adipose tissue, forstorage. To respiring

    cells, as an energy

    source

    Breakdown of fats yields

    energy-heart muscle

    depends largely on fattyacids for its energy supply.

    High cholesterol levels in

    the blood increase the risk

    of developing heart

    disease

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    28/90

    Substance Source Destination notes

    Carbohydrates

    (glucose)

    Absorbed in the

    ileum. Also

    produced in the

    breakdown of

    glycogen in theliver

    To all cells, for energy

    release by respiration

    Excess glucose is

    converted to glycogen and

    stored in the liver

    Excretory

    substances (urea)

    Produced by amino

    acid deamination

    in the liver

    To kidneys for

    excretion

    Mineral ions(calcium, sodium) Absorbed in ileumand colon To all cells Excess ions are excretedby the kidneys

    Hormones Secreted into the

    blood by endocrine

    glands

    To all parts of the

    body

    Hormones only affec their

    target cells. Hormones are

    broken down by the liver,

    and their remains are

    excreted by the kidneys

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    29/90

    Substance Source Destination notes

    Dissolved gases

    (carbon dioxide)

    Carbon dioxide is

    released by all cells

    as a waste product

    of respiration

    To the lungs for

    excretion

    Most carbon dioxide is

    carried as

    hydrogencarbonate ions

    (HCO3-) in the blood

    plasma

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    30/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    31/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    32/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    33/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    34/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    35/90

    1. Phagocyte moves toward a pathogen& flows around it

    2. Phagocytes cells membrane fusestogether; enclosing the pathogen in a

    vacuole

    3. Enzymes are secreted digesting thepathogen

    4. Soluble substances diffuse fromvacuole into cytoplasm

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    36/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    37/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    38/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    39/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    40/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    41/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    42/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    43/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    44/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    45/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    46/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    47/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    48/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    49/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    50/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    51/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    52/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    53/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    54/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    55/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    56/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    57/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    58/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    59/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    60/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    61/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    62/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    63/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    64/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    65/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    66/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    67/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    68/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    69/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    70/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    71/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    72/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    73/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    74/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    75/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    76/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    77/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    78/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    79/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    80/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    81/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    82/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    83/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    84/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    85/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    86/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    87/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    88/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    89/90

  • 8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

    90/90