chapter 8 transport

8/13/2019 Chapter 8 Transport

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Factor Effects To reduce the risk

Smoking cigarettes Causes damage to the circulatory

system

Stop smoking

Diet A diet high in salt, saturated fats (fats

from animals) or cholesterol

Eat a balanced diet; oils from

plants and fish

Obesity Increases the risk of coronary artery

disease

Body weight at a suitable

level and plenty of exercise

Stress Unmanageable stress or long term

stress increases the risk of coronary

artery disease

Find ways to manage stress

genes if several family members have

suffered from coronary heart disease

Reduce other risk factors; a

healthy life-style


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Substance Source Destination notes

Water Absorbed in small

intestine and colon

All cells Excess is removed by the

kidneys

Plasma proteins

(fibrinogen &

antibodies)

Fibrinogen is made

in the liver.

Antibodies aremade by

lymphocytes (WBC)

Remain in the blood Fibrinogen helps in blood

clotting. Antibodies kill

invading pathogens

Lipids including

cholesterol and

fatty acids

Absorbed in the

ileum. Also derived

from fat reserves inthe body

To the liver, for

breakdown. To

adipose tissue, forstorage. To respiring

cells, as an energy

source

Breakdown of fats yields

energy-heart muscle

depends largely on fattyacids for its energy supply.

High cholesterol levels in

the blood increase the risk

of developing heart

disease


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Carbohydrates

(glucose)

Absorbed in the

ileum. Also

produced in the

breakdown of

glycogen in theliver

To all cells, for energy

release by respiration

Excess glucose is

converted to glycogen and

stored in the liver

Excretory

substances (urea)

Produced by amino

acid deamination

in the liver

To kidneys for

excretion

Mineral ions(calcium, sodium) Absorbed in ileumand colon To all cells Excess ions are excretedby the kidneys

Hormones Secreted into the

blood by endocrine

glands

To all parts of the

body

Hormones only affec their

target cells. Hormones are

broken down by the liver,

and their remains are

excreted by the kidneys


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Dissolved gases

(carbon dioxide)

Carbon dioxide is

released by all cells

as a waste product

of respiration

To the lungs for

excretion

Most carbon dioxide is

carried as

hydrogencarbonate ions

(HCO3-) in the blood

plasma


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1. Phagocyte moves toward a pathogen& flows around it

2. Phagocytes cells membrane fusestogether; enclosing the pathogen in a

vacuole

3. Enzymes are secreted digesting thepathogen

4. Soluble substances diffuse fromvacuole into cytoplasm


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chapter 8 transport

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