CHAPTER 8 TEST REVIEWThe South and West Transformed

1865-1900

PEOPLE, PLACES & THINGS cash crop

a crop grown not for its own use but to be sold

Farmers’ Alliance

Civil Rights Act of 1875

legislation that gave black citizens the right to ride trains and use other public facilities

Reservation

a specific area set aside by the U.S. government for the use of Indians

PEOPLE, PLACES & THINGS vigilantea self-appointed enforcer of the law Transcontinental railroada rail link between the East and the West land grant

open rangea system by which branded cattle were allowed to

graze freely on unfenced property

Homestead Actlegislation that provided farm plots for people

willing to live on and develop the land for five years

PEOPLE, PLACES & THINGS Sitting BullSioux Chief respected as a fighter and spiritual leader

Little Big Hornthe site of a victory by Indians led by Crazy Horse over 250

U.S. soldiers led by General George Custer

Chief Joseph

Wounded Kneethe site where over 100 fleeing Indians were killed by U.S.

troops

assimilateto absorb into the culture of a population or group

PEOPLE, PLACES & THINGS

Dawes General Allotment Act

Sand Creek Massacre

Exodusters

MAIN IDEAS

What crops did southern farmers mainly grow during Reconstruction?

Tobacco and cotton

How did white settlement of the West change the lives of Native Americans?

It forced them from their lands and traditional ways of life What was the Native Americans’ situation at the end of the

Indian Wars?

They were forced to move west or north or to live on reservations.

Beginning in the mid-1800s, why did large numbers of people move out West?

to strike it rich by finding gold or silver.

MAIN IDEAS

If federal amendments protected African American rights, why did they still experience inequality such as segregation and limited ability to vote?

because the Supreme Court allowed local and state courts to make laws for each local area

What was the purpose of the Farmer’s Alliance?

to negotiate lower prices for supplies

How did new railroads benefit western cattle ranchers?

provided a way to transport meat to eastern markets What was life like for a typical Homesteader?

lonely, difficult, harsh