chapter 8 human population. section 1 trends in human population growth
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 8
Human Population
Section 1
Trends in Human Population Growth
Revolutions
OAgricultural O10,000 yrs ago
OIndustrialOBegan in the mid-1700s
Industrial Revolution
OSanitationO No more throwing trash and waste in streetsO Washing of hands to reduce infections
OMedical TechnologyO Mass produce medical equipment and
medicines
OChanges in agricultureO Large machineryO Pesticides O fertilizers
Result of Industrial Revolution
ODecreased infant mortalityO # of babies out of 1,000 that die
during their first year of life
OIncreased life expectancyO Average # of years an individual is
expected to live
Growth rate
OHow a population changes in size during a specific period of timeO Slowed down and now declining
slowly
OEnvironmental factors will ultimately limit growth
OTechnology has allowed us to increase the carrying capacity
DemographyO Study of human population statisticsO Career option? DemographerO Study human population size,
population density, population distribution
Density
OMore people found:OTemperate and tropicalOSeacoasts and riversOCities and suburbs
Clumped Distribution
OLeads to negative impacts on environment in certain areas and on certain bodies of water
Section 2
Predicting Population Growth
Total Fertility RateO Average number of offspring a
female member of a population has during her lifetime.
O Why have multiple children?O Why not?
Replacement FertilityO Total fertility rate that would keep a
population stableO If high death rate than this allows for
a higher replacement fertility rate
Age Structure and Sex Ratio
O Helps demographers to predict how the population of a nation will change in years to come.
Demographic Transition
OExplains the change from high birthrates and death rates to a condition of low birthrates and death rates.
OFour stages:O Pre-industrial stageO Transitional stageO Industrial stageO Post-industrial stage
Demographic Transition
O Many parts of Europe, USA, Canada, and Japan all undergone this transition.
Social FactorsO Developing Nations
O Moderate or low incomeO China, Mexico, Africa, South America,
Indonesia, and eastern EuropeO High fertility rates, infant mortality
rates, and death rates and life expectancy is lower
O Higher frequency of diseases due to lack of sanitation and education about health
O 82% of the world’s population live in developing nations as of 2009!
Social FactorsO Developed Nations
O High income O U.S., Canada, western European
nations, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and some Arab states
Educating Developing Nations
O ?