chapter 8
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Chapter 8. Understanding and Installing Hard Drives. Hard Drive Subsystem. Types of Hard Drive Interfaces. EIDE (Enhanced IDE) interface standards used by most hard drives Other interface standards SCSI USB IEEE 1394 ……. EIDE Interface Standards. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PCFifth Edition
Chapter 8
Understanding and Installing Hard Drives
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Hard Drive Subsystem
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Types of Hard Drive Interfaces
EIDE (Enhanced IDE) interface standards used by most hard drives
Other interface standards
SCSI
USB
IEEE 1394
……
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EIDE Interface Standards Specify data transfer speed more than any
other factor Ultra ATA/100: most popular
Trend: parallel -> serial
Modes of transferring data between hard drive and memory
DMA transfer mode
PIO transfer mode
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IDE Cabling Methods
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IDE Cabling Methods (continued)
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EIDE Interface Standards (continued)
Addressing Limitation
ATA/100 and earlier uses 28-bit addresses (< 137GB)
ATA/133 uses 48-bit addresses (> 137GB)
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Configuring EIDE Drives EIDE standards support two IDE connections,
a primary and a secondary
Each connection can support up to two IDE devices Master device
Slave device
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Configuring EIDE Drives (continued)
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How Hard Drives Work
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How Hard Drives Work (continued)
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Tracks and Sectors on the Drive
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Tracks and Sectors on the Drive (continued)
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Hard Drive Controller
OS
BIOS
Hard drive controller
HD
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CHS Mode
OS
BIOS
Hard drive controller
HD
(cylinder, head, sector)
complex
IDE/ATA Interface
BIOS Interface
(cylinder, head, sector)
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Standard Max. Cylinders
Max.
Heads
Max. Sectors
Max. Capacity
IDE/ATA 65,536 16 256 128GB
BIOS 1024 256 63 8.4GB
Combination (Smaller of Each)
1024 16 63 504MB
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ECHS Mode
OS
BIOS
Hard drive controller
HD
(cylinder, head, sector)
complex
IDE/ATA Interface
BIOS Interface
(cylinder, head, sector)
BIOS Translation
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Standard Max. Cylinders
Max.
Heads
Max. Sectors
Max. Capacity
IDE/ATA 65,536 16 256 128GB
BIOS 1024 256 63 8.4GB
BIOS Translation
767 128 63 2.95GB
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LBA Mode
OS
BIOS
Hard drive controller
HD
Block #
complex
IDE/ATA Interface
BIOS Interface
Block#
BIOS Translation
For ATA/100 and earlier, up to 137 GB For ATA/ATAPI-6, > 137 GB
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Format a Hard Drive
Low-level format (usually done at the factory)
Partitioning the hard drive
High-level format
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Low-Level Formatting
Occurs at the factory
Process of writing sector and track markings on the disk
Expected to last for the life of the drive
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Extended
Partition a Hard Drive
Primary
Primary
Primary
Multiple primary partitions + one extended partition
Primary partition can install OS Extended partition cannot
Only one primary partition is bootable (active partition)
Each primary partition is a logical drive
The extended partition can contain multiple logical drives
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High-level Formatting a Logical Drive Boot Record File System Records
File System Tables Root directories
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File Systems FAT16
Supported by all Windows systems FAT32 (and VFAT)
Supported by Windows 95 Second Edition, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP
NTFS Supported by Windows NT, Windows 2000,
Windows XP Each logical drive has its own file system
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When to Format a Drive
First install a new hard drive
Existing drive is giving errors
Suspect a virus has attacked the drive
Want to wipe a hard drive clean and install a new OS
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Hands-on Project: Installing a new Hard Drive and Windows 20001. Set jumpers or DIP switches (primary + master);
physically install drive; attach power cord and data cable
2. Insert Windows 2000 CD and turn on the computer
3. Follow the instructions to1. Partition the hard drive into two partitions, one primary
(2GB) and one extended, each contains one logical drive
2. Format the logical drive C
3. Install Windows 2000 to drive C
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Jumper Settings
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Jumper Settings (continued)
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Jumper Settings (continued)
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Mounting the Drive in the Bay
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Mounting the Drive in the Bay (continued)
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Mounting the Drive in the Bay (continued)
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Mounting the Drive in the Bay (continued)
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Mounting the Drive in the Bay (continued)
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Mounting the Drive in the Bay (continued)
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Mounting the Drive in the Bay (continued)
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Mounting the Drive in the Bay (continued)
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Using Windows to Partition and Format a New Drive
Boot from Window setup CD
Follow on-screen directions to install Windows on new drive
The setup process partitions and formats new drive before it begins Windows installation