chapter 7.2 cell structure
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Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure. 1. Cytoplasm. Gel- like fluid of the cell . 2. Cell Membrane. Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the outside of the cell. “Walls to the factory”. 3 . Organelles. “little organs ” that are found in the cell. Examples: Mitochondria & Golgi. 4 . Nucleus. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure
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1. Cytoplasm
• Gel-like fluid of the cell.
![Page 3: Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56816468550346895dd654eb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2. Cell Membrane• Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the
outside of the cell.• “Walls to the factory”
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3. Organelles
• “little organs” that are found in the cell.• Examples: Mitochondria & Golgi.
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4. Nucleus• Control center that has DNA & coded
instructions for proteins & other important molecules.
• “Main office in a factory”
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5. Nucleolus• Small, dense region in the nucleus where the
assembly of ribosomes begins.
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6. Nuclear envelope/membrane• Made of 2 membranes• Outer boundary of the nucleus
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7. Nuclear Pores• Allow proteins, RNA, & other molecules to
move into & out of the nucleus.• “moving messages into & out of a factory’s
main office”
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8. Chromosomes• Found in nucleus & carries the cell’s genetic
info.• Can be seen in dividing cells when the
chromatin condenses to form the “X” shape.
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9. Chromatin• Found in nucleus• A complex of DNA (genetic material) bound to
proteins• Threadlike in non-dividing cells
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10. Vacuoles
• Stores materials like water, salts, proteins, & carbs.
• Large in plant cells as a central vacuole.
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11. Vesicles
• Store & move materials between cell organelles, as well as to & from the cell surface.
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12. Lysosomes
• Filled with enzymes that help to break down lipids, carbs., & proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
• They also break down worn out organelles. • “Clean up crew”
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13. Cytoskeleton (cyto=cell)
• Serves as internal skeleton that maintains cell shape.
• “Cement beams in a factory”
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14. Microfilaments
• Long, thin fibers that helps cells move, and/or provide shape & structure to the cell.
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15. Microtubules• Hollow structures for support (larger)• Help build cilia and flagella (for movement)
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16. Ribosomes• Serve in protein synthesis (making of proteins)• May be found in cytoplasm or attached to
endoplasmic reticulum
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17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)• Transports chemicals &
proteins within and between cells.
• Rough ER = when ribosomes are attached to the surface. Makes proteins.
• Smooth ER = when no ribosomes are attached to the surface. Makes membran lipids & detoxifies drugs.
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18. Golgi Apparatus/Body
• Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins & other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or to release outside the cell.
• “Mailroom”
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19. Chloroplasts
• Photosynthesis to make sugars for plants• Contains chlorophyll – green pigment
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20. Mitochondria• Converts the chemical energy stored in food
into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use (cellular respiration).
• “Boiler room”
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21. Cell Wall
• Supportive outer layer around the cell membrane to give shape.
• Only in plant cells.
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21. Prokaryote
• Cell lacking a nucleus & nuclear membrane but still has DNA spread throughout the cell
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23. Eukaryote
• Cell that has a nucleus (plant & animal).
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Eukaryote