Chapter 7 — The Muscular System

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Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization

Muscle Contraction

Muscle Fiber Type & Muscle

Tissues

Axial Musculature

Appendicular Musculature

FINAL ROUND

Topic 1:

$100 Question

The structure that divides the skeletal muscle into compartments, and that contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerves is the:

a. fascicle

b. endomysium

c. perimysium

d. epimysiumBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$100 Answer

The structure that divides the skeletal muscle into compartments, and that contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerves is the:

a. fascicle

b. endomysium

c. perimysium

d. epimysiumBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$200 Question

The structures that are filled with extracellular fluid, and that form passageways through the muscle fiber, are called:

a. transverse tubules (T tubules)

b. sarcomeres

c. sarcoplasmic reticulum

d. myofibrilsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$200 Answer

The structures that are filled with extracellular fluid, and that form passageways through the muscle fiber, are called:

a. transverse tubules (T tubules)

b. sarcomeres

c. sarcoplasmic reticulum

d. myofibrilsBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$300 Question

According to the sliding filament theory, which of the following occurs when a sarcomere contracts?

a. The I bands get larger.

b. The A bands get smaller.

c. The I bands get smaller.

d. The H bands increase.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$300 Answer

According to the sliding filament theory, which of the following occurs when a sarcomere contracts?

a. The I bands get larger.

b. The A bands get smaller.

c. The I bands get smaller.

d. The H bands increase.BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$400 Question

Which is the correct cycle regarding the actin and myosin cross-bridge interaction?

a. return, pivot, attach, detach

b. attach, detach, pivot, return

c. pivot, attach, detach, return

d. attach, pivot, detach, returnBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$400 Answer

Which is the correct cycle regarding the actin and myosin cross-bridge interaction?

a. return, pivot, attach, detach

b. attach, detach, pivot, return

c. pivot, attach, detach, return

d. attach, pivot, detach, returnBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$500 Question

Which is a true statement regarding thick and thin filaments?

a. The actin molecules are oriented away from the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward.

b. The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward.

c. The actin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward.

d. The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$500 Answer

Which is a true statement regarding thick and thin filaments?

a. The actin molecules are oriented away from the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward.

b. The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward.

c. The actin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward.

d. The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$100 Question

Both the synaptic cleft and the motor end plate contain which of the following enzymes?

a. acetylcholine

b. acetylcholinesterase

c. nicotinamide reductase

d. serotonin decarboxylaseBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$100 Answer

Both the synaptic cleft and the motor end plate contain which of the following enzymes?

a. acetylcholine

b. acetylcholinesterase

c. nicotinamide reductase

d. serotonin decarboxylaseBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$200 Question

Which statement(s) is/are true regarding the appearance of an action potential at the sarcolemma?

a.The passage of an action potential along the T tubules triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae.

b. The action potential spreads over the entire sarcolemma surface.

c. The sudden, massive release of calcium ions triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$200 Answer

Which statement(s) is/are true regarding the appearance of an action potential at the sarcolemma?

a. The passage of an action potential along the T tubules triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae.

b. The action potential spreads over the entire sarcolemma surface.

c. The sudden, massive release of calcium ions triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$300 Question

What is the biochemical explanation for rigor mortis?

a. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is unable to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm.

b. Skeletal muscle fibers have too much ATP stored, resulting in sustained muscle contractions.

c. Cross-bridges remain detached from the active sites on actin.

d. A and BBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$300 Answer

What is the biochemical explanation for rigor mortis?

a. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is unable to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm.

b. Skeletal muscle fibers have too much ATP stored, resulting in sustained muscle contractions.

c. Cross-bridges remain detached from the active sites on actin.

d. A and BBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$400 Question

Which statement(s) is/are false regarding skeletal muscle contraction?

a. Calcium ions bind to troponin, resulting in a conformational change in tropomyosin.

b. Cross-bridge binding, pivoting, and detachment are powered by the breakdown of ATP.

c. Serotonin released by the synaptic terminal binds to receptors on the sarcolemma.

d. None of the above statements is false.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$400 Answer

Which statement(s) is/are false regarding skeletal muscle contraction?

a. Calcium ions bind to troponin, resulting in a conformational change in tropomyosin.

b. Cross-bridge binding, pivoting, and detachment are powered by the breakdown of ATP.

c. Serotonin released by the synaptic terminal binds to receptors on the sarcolemma.

d. None of the above statements is false.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$500 Question

Which sequence describes the correct order of steps that end a contraction?

1 - Contraction ends.

2 - Acetylcholine (ACh) is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

3 - Active sites are covered, no cross-bridge interaction occurs.

4 - Relaxation occurs, and a passive return to resting length is noted.

5 - The sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures calcium (Ca2+).

a. 5-2-3-4-1

b. 2-5-3-4-1

c. 5-3-2-1-4

d. 2-5-3-1-4BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$500 Answer

Which sequence describes the correct order of steps that end a contraction?

1 - Contraction ends.

2 - Acetylcholine (ACh) is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

3 - Active sites are covered, no cross-bridge interaction occurs.

4 - Relaxation occurs, and a passive return to resting length is noted.

5 - The sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures calcium (Ca2+).

a. 5-2-3-4-1

b. 2-5-3-4-1

c. 5-3-2-1-4

d. 2-5-3-1-4BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$100 Question

Which statement(s) regarding fast skeletal muscle fibers is/are true?

a. They are small in diameter, have large glycogen reserves, and have relatively few mitochondria.

b. They are large in diameter, with relatively few mitochondria.

c. They have a greater oxygen supply than slow fibers.

d. A and CBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$100 Answer

Which statement(s) regarding fast skeletal muscle fibers is/are true?

a. They are small in diameter, have large glycogen reserves, and have relatively few mitochondria.

b. They are large in diameter, with relatively few mitochondria.

c. They have a greater oxygen supply than slow fibers.

d. A and CBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$200 Question

Which of the following is/are correct regarding smooth muscle tissue?

a. The fiber dimensions are 100 m in diameter and up to 60 cm in length.

b. The actin and myosin filaments are scattered throughout the sarcoplasm.

c. Tetanus cannot occur.

d. B and CBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$200 Answer

Which of the following is/are correct regarding smooth muscle tissue?

a. The fiber dimensions are 100 m in diameter and up to 60 cm in length.

b. The actin and myosin filaments are scattered throughout the sarcoplasm.

c. Tetanus cannot occur.

d. B and CBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$300 Question

Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) isotonic contraction?

a. Tension produced never exceeds the resistance.

b. Tension remains at a constant level until relaxation occurs.

c. Examples are reflexive contractions that keep the body upright while standing or sitting.

d. All of the above statements are correct.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$300 Answer

Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) isotonic contraction?

a. Tension produced never exceeds the resistance.

b. Tension remains at a constant level until relaxation occurs.

c. Examples are reflexive contractions that keep the body upright while standing or sitting.

d. All of the above statements are correct.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$400 Question

Which of the following utilizes pacemaker cells as a control mechanism?

a. skeletal and cardiac muscles

b. smooth and skeletal muscles

c. skeletal muscle only

d. cardiac and smooth muscles

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$400 Answer

Which of the following utilizes pacemaker cells as a control mechanism?

a. skeletal and cardiac muscles

b. smooth and skeletal muscles

c. skeletal muscle only

d. cardiac and smooth muscles

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$500 Question

Which areas of the human body are dominated by slow fibers?

a. eye and hand muscles

b. back and calf muscles

c. hand and foot muscles

d. pelvic and leg muscles

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$500 Answer

Which areas of the human body are dominated by slow fibers?

a. eye and hand muscles

b. back and calf muscles

c. hand and foot muscles

d. pelvic and leg muscles

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$100 Question

Which muscle inserts on the mandible and the skin of the cheek?

a. mylohyoid

b. stylohyoid

c. sternohyoid

d. platysmaBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$100 Answer

Which muscle inserts on the mandible and the skin of the cheek?

a. mylohyoid

b. stylohyoid

c. sternohyoid

d. platysmaBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$200 Question

Which muscle has as its origin the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae?

a. iliocostalis

b. semispinalis capitis

c. quadratus lumborum

d. external intercostalsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$200 Answer

Which muscle has as its origin the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae?

a. iliocostalis

b. semispinalis capitis

c. quadratus lumborum

d. external intercostalsBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$300 Question

Which muscle functions to stabilize the central tendon of the perineum?

a. ischiocavernosus

b. transverse perineus

c. rectus abdominis

d. external anal sphincter

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$300 Answer

Which muscle functions to stabilize the central tendon of the perineum?

a. ischiocavernosus

b. transverse perineus

c. rectus abdominis

d. external anal sphincter

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$400 Question

Which muscle(s) function(s) to elevate, protract, and/or move the mandible to either side?

a. masseter

b. temporalis

c. pterygoids

d. masseter and temporalis

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$400 Answer

Which muscle(s) function(s) to elevate, protract, and/or move the mandible to either side?

a. masseter

b. temporalis

c. pterygoids

d. masseter and temporalisBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$500 Question

Which muscle inserts on the last rib and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae?

a. quadratus lumborum

b. iliocostalis

c. spinalis

d. longissimus

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$500 Answer

Which muscle inserts on the last rib and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae?

a. quadratus lumborum

b. iliocostalis

c. spinalis

d. longissimusBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$100 Question

Which muscle is the major abductor of the arm?

a. infraspinatus

b. supraspinatus

c. deltoid

d. pectoralis major

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$100 Answer

Which muscle is the major abductor of the arm?

a. infraspinatus

b. supraspinatus

c. deltoid

d. pectoralis major

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$200 Question

Which muscle originates on the anterior and superior margins of ribs 1–9?

a. serratus anterior

b. subclavius

c. pectoralis minor

d. rhomboids

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$200 Answer

Which muscle originates on the anterior and superior margins of ribs 1–9?

a. serratus anterior

b. subclavius

c. pectoralis minor

d. rhomboids

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$300 Question

Which muscle does not insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus?

a. teres minor

b. subscapularis

c. latissimus dorsi

d. supraspinatus

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$300 Answer

Which muscle does not insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus?

a. teres minor

b. subscapularis

c. latissimus dorsi

d. supraspinatus

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$400 Question

Which muscle inserts on the bases of the second and third metacarpal bones?

a. flexor carpi ulnaris

b. palmaris longus

c. flexor carpi radialis

d. extensor carpi ulnaris

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$400 Answer

Which muscle inserts on the bases of the second and third metacarpal bones?

a. flexor carpi ulnaris

b. palmaris longus

c. flexor carpi radialis

d. extensor carpi ulnaris

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$500 Question

Which muscle acts to flex the knee, as well as perform adduction and medial rotation at the hip?

a. adductor brevis

b. pectineus

c. tensor fasciae latae

d. gracilis

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$500 Answer

Which muscle acts to flex the knee, as well as perform adduction and medial rotation at the hip?

a. adductor brevis

b. pectineus

c. tensor fasciae latae

d. gracilisBACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question

Which is the correct sequence of steps during the contraction cycle?

1 - The attached myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere, and ADP and a phosphate group are released.

2 - The active site is exposed following the binding of calcium ions to troponin.

3 - The myosin head is reactivated as it splits the ATP and captures released energy.

4 - The myosin cross-bridge forms and attaches to the exposed active sites on actin filaments.

5 - Cross-bridges detach when the myosin head binds another ATP molecule.

a. 3-4-2-1-5

b. 2-4-1-5-3

c. 2-1-4-5-3

d. 2-4-1-3-5 BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer

Which is the correct sequence of steps during the contraction cycle?

1 - The attached myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere, and ADP and a phosphate group are released.

2 - The active site is exposed following the binding of calcium ions to troponin.

3 - The myosin head is reactivated as it splits the ATP and captures released energy.

4 - The myosin cross-bridge forms and attaches to the exposed active sites on actin filaments.

5 - Cross-bridges detach when the myosin head binds another ATP molecule.

a. 3-4-2-1-5

b. 2-4-1-5-3

c. 2-1-4-5-3

d. 2-4-1-3-5 BACK TO GAME