CHAPTER 7 – STUDY GUIDE REVIEW* READ CHAPTER AND STUDY EVERYTHING FROM THIS CHAPTER

1. DESCRIBE THE STORMING OF BASTILLE

– Rumors…• Swiss Guard was going to use force against the Nat’l Assembly• Foreign troops were arriving to massacre French citizens

– July 14, 1789 a mob went looking for gunpowder & arms at the Bastille (the prison ran by gov’t)

– Fall of Bastille is symbolic act of French Rev.

2. WHY WAS THE ESTATES-GENERAL CALLED FOR THE 1ST TIME IN 175 YEARS?

– E-G had Medieval Rules…• assembly of representatives from all 3 estates• Each estate had one vote = 3 votes total (no ties)

Purpose of meeting… was to decide if the 2nd estate (nobles) should be required to

pay taxes to take some of the burden off of the 3rd estate (peasants)

3. LIST THE GOALS OF THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA.

– 3 goals were…• Prevent future aggression by France • solution surround them with more powerful nations

• Restore a balance of power • no country could be a threat

• Restore Europe’s royal families to thrones

4. DESCRIBE THE REIGN OF TERROR

Robespierre Assumes Control:Creates Committee of Public Safety

Those who challenged his rules were killed; even fellow radicals Around 40,000 people Had Marie Antoinette killed

Robespierre was killed by guillotine

No one was safe from the guillotine

5. EXPLAIN THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN…

“Men are born and remain free and equal in rights”

6. WHAT WAS THE SLOGAN FOR THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (Brotherhood)

7. WHY WAS THE LA TERRITORY SOLD TO THE U.S.A.?

Sold to Pres. Jefferson for $15 million

Reasons:• Got money to finance European attacks• Punish British & make America stronger• Cut his losses in America

8. DESCRIBE BRITAIN’S RESPONSE TO THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM.

–G.B. started their own blockade & it was stronger

• Neutral ships were stopped, sent to G.B. port, ships were searched, & then taxed

9. WHAT WERE THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF FONTAINEBLEAU?

–Gave up throne–Given a small pension–Banished to a small island off the coast Italy called Elba

10. LIST THE CHANGES ROBESPIERRE MADE TO FRANCE.

Closed all churchesChanged calendar into 12 months of 30 days Renamed the monthsNo Sundays on CalendarCreates Committee of Public Safety

11. DESCRIBE THE “OLD REGIME” SYSTEM OF GOV’T.

• First Estate –– Roman Catholic Clergy Members

• 1% of population & Owned 10% of land • Provided education & relief services to poor • Contributed 0% to 2% of their income to gov’t

• Second Estate –– Rich nobles, 2% of population– Owned 20% of land & paid NO taxes

• Third Estate – • 97% of population & Paid high taxes• RESENTED THE 1ST TWO ESTATES• Believed in Enlightenment Ideals & wanted gov’t changes

12. LIST THREE REASONS FRANCE WAS IN DEBT – A FINANCIAL CRISIS

Excessive spending & gambling by the monarchy Helping the Americans defeat the British in the American

RevolutionTaxes made it almost impossible to run a profitable business

14. DESCRIBE THE 100 DAYS

Napoleon escaped from ElbaSeized Power from Louis XVIIIFought Prussia and Russia to gain control of his EmpireLost at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium Sentenced to life on St. Helena Island

15. LIST THE REASONS WHY NAPOLEON LOST IN RUSSIA

Scorched-Earth Policy by Czar Alexander I

Extremly cold and brutal Russian winterLack of food and shelter

WHAT HAPPENED AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO?

Napoleon’s last bid for power ended He lost this battleThen sent to exile on St. Helena island

17. A) ALEXANDER I OF RUSSIA -

Used scorched-earth policy Burned down the “holy city” of Moscow when

Napoleon was marching through Russia

17. B) FREDERICK WILLIAM III OF PRUSSIA

Participated in the creation of the “Holy Alliance”

17. C) KLEMENS VON METTERNICH OF AUSTRIA

Most influential ruler at the Congress of ViennaWas the Foreign Minister of Austria & Prince of AustriaDistrusted the democratic ideals of French Revolution

17. D) LOUIS XVI

Called up troops for protection and this caused the “Great Fear” among the peasants

King of France that was executed by guioltine during the French Revolution

17. E) LOUIS XVII

Son of Louis XVI – Died in prison during the French Revolution

17. F) LOUIS XVIII

Brother of Louis XVI – Became King of France after Napoleon was banished from France

17. G) MARIE ANTOINETTE

Austrian princess who spent a lot of money on fashion & playing cards.

Was executed during the French Revolution

17. H) EMMANUEL-JOSEPH SIEYES

Clergyman from the 1st EstateFought for the rights of the 3rd EstateRecommended that the 3rd Estate create the National

Assembly

17. I) NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

Born on the French island of CorsicaSent to military school at the age of 9Fought in the French Revolution Army Rose to power and became Emperor

17. J) JEAN-PAUL MARAT

Jacobin leaderWanted death to all who supported the KingStabbed to death while taking a bath

17. K) MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE

Jacobin leaderCreated the Committee of Public Saftey Killed between 30,000-40,000 people