chapter 7 regions of the united states. key terms section 1/2 megalopolis northeast states mangrove...
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Key Terms Section 1/2 Megalopolis Northeast States
Mangrove Bayou Fall Line Sunbelt Everglades South States 7.2 Objectives
7.1 Objectives How have the physical characteristics and r
esources of the Northeast affected its economy?
How did the Northeast become an early leader of industry?
Why has the Northeast coastal region become a megalopolis?
How have the physical characteristics and resources of the Northeast affected its economy?
Physical Characteristics attracts tourism Beautiful Landscapes
Unique combination of precipitation, type of soil, and varieties of trees, lead to beautiful forests
Coastlines, Niagara Falls, beautiful farmland World-famous cities
New York: cultural center of nation Boston/Philly offer historic look at nation
Natural Resources Few natural resources
Coal in Pennsylvania Waters are key!
Used as keys to regions successful commerce/fishing Shorelines provide many harbors
Natural Harbors used throughout 1700/1800s by merchant ships Fishing industry thrives off north Atlantic coasts
7.1
How did the Northeast become an early leader of industry?
Many Rivers have been vital to history/industry Example: Hudson/Connecticut High levels of precipitation helped aid speed of rivers
Speed harnessed by industries in form of water wheels. Factories built at waterfalls
Produced shoes, cotton, cloth, and other goods to be sold across nation and world
River valleys served as trade routes, railroad routes, and later as highway routes.
By 1900 Northeast region was most productive manufacturing region in the world.
7.1
Why has the Northeast coastal region become a megalopolis?
Cities grew B/c of economic importance
More/more workers needed for cities industries Immigrants (European) come to work
People flocked towards factory towns Increase in populations led to increase in Suburbs Suburbs of one cities grew into another and became a
megalopolis Today 1/7 of countries population live in what
megalopolis? Boston to Washington D.C.
7.1
Chapter 7.2 Objectives How have warm climates
and rich soils affected vegetation in the south?
What key natural resources have influenced industrial development?
How have Changes in the south led to growth of cities?
7.2 Key Terms
How have warm climates and rich soils affected vegetation in the south? Warm Sub-tropical Climate
Located closer to equator Provides refuge for wide variety of birds/animals
Warm/wet climate produces Mangroves, bayous, everglades
Becomes drier climate toward west Supportive to prairies
Rich Soils of coastal plains Taken advantage of throughout history
Native Americans used them as well as early Europeans Fertile soils increased migration their leading to….
Building of plantations, slavery
Sub-tropical Climate led to longer growing seasons and richer soils!
7.2
What key natural resources have influenced industrial development? Carolinas in 1840s: Textile mills built on Fall line near cotton
farms (used power of water) Produced abundance of cotton then, continues today with variety
of products Texas 1900: South’s oil industry began to grow.
Some of U.S.’s largest oil reserves located there By 1960s/70s bringing in great wealth Sharp Oil decline in 80s led to diversification
Gulf Coast (20th Century) Manufacturing industries Use abundance of available raw materials, sources of energy,
and their instant access to ocean ports to foster development Example: Petrochemical Industry is a leading source of industrial income in southern region
Texas now one of leading national producers of synthetic rubber
7.2
How have Changes in the south led to growth of cities? Growth of Industry
Brought new factories, cheaper land, more efficient Sunbelt
Grown enormously as an industrial region Grown enormously by retirement/tourism
Varied Population Re-Migration of African Americans
50%+ African American Population Hispanics in Florida Region
Major Cities New Orleans, Dallas, Atlanta, Houston, .
7.2
Fall line Imaginary line b.t. the
Appalachian mountains and the Atlantic coastal plains. Place where rivers and streams form waterfalls/rapids as they descend from plateau to coastal plain
Sun-belt Southern and
Southwestern states from Carolinas to S. California characterized by a warm climate and rapid population growth
Northeast States
Pennsylvania New York New Jersey Connecticut Massachusetts Rhode Island New Hampshire Vermont Maine
Megalopolis
Chapter 7Very large city; region made up of several large cities and their surrounding areas
Megalopolis
South States
Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Louisiana Mississippi Virginia W. Virginia Maryland
Tennessee Kentucky Alabama Georgia Florida N. Carolina S. Carolina Delaware
Bell Work: Midwest Read the Agricultural Economy Section
(167) Know the states in the Midwest L-J #2 after reading
7.3 Objectives & Concepts How does the climate/soils
of the Midwest support agriculture?
Why has farming become big business?
How have resources and transportation promoted industry in Midwest?
Humus Growing Season Grain Elevator Grain Exchange
How does the climate/soils of the Midwest support agriculture?
Fertile Soil Melting glaciers deposited minerals to promote plant
growth Led to humus = replenished soil
Climate (promotes variety of agriculture) Promotes soil building
Long/Hot summers with adequate precipitation Varying Growing seasons; up to 200 days Warmer/wetter (Iowa, Illinois) = corn/soybeans/livestock More western: Drier Great plains= wheat/oats/livestock Northern: Cooler/poor soils= hay/dairy cattle
7.3
Why has farming become big business?
History Many Midwestern towns depend on farming Used to be modest, single family enterprises
Technology Mechanization of Farms
Invention of reaper allowed farmers to harvest vast amounts of wheat
More inventions Allowed farmers to produce more crops with less help
Decreased # of farms as many farms combined/bought out Linked to Cities
Technology linked countryside to city. Many business activities, even in major cities, centered around agriculture. Grain
elevators are example of one link Many cities jobs depend on agriculture
Mercantile exchange= world’s busiest market for many farm products Board of Trade= largest grain exchange in world.
7.3
How have resources and transportation promoted industry in Midwest?
Industries to Resources Rich natural resources = agriculture/manufacturing
industries Easy access to mineral resources led to development of
steel mills, auto industry, coal mines. Transportation
Major cities located on shores of Great Lakes or along major rivers
Water transportation increased efficiency/growth of MW industry.
RR’s also played major role, esp. in Chicago to ship heavier goods.
7.3
Chapter 7
Organic material that results when plants and animals that live in the soil die and
decay
Humus
7.3
Chapter 7
In farming, the average number of days b.t. the last frost of spring and the first frost of fall
Growing Season
7.3
Chapter 7
Tall building equipped with machinery for loading, cleaning, storing, and
discharging grain
Grain Elevator
7.3
7.4 Objectives How does abundance/scarcity of water
affect natural vegetation? What major natural resources have
influenced economic activity in Western U.S?
How have geography and distance affected where people live and work in the region?
How does abundance/scarcity of water affect natural vegetation?
Major factor shaping west's natural vegetation, economic activity, and population density
Most of west= semi-arid to arid climate Dry areas= short grasses, shrubs, brush, cactus Wet Areas= (seattle, Wash.) Rich deciduous
forests Alaska-Tundra region= dry, treeless plains, only
growth when _____
7.4 Concepts
What major natural resources have influenced economic activity in Western U.S?
Rocky Mtns. And Sierra Nevada “Loaded” Huge “Warehouse” for minerals
Gold, silver, uranium, others Led to migrations west in search of gold/silver Developed huge mining companies for gold, silver, tin, and
copper Natural Gas/Oil
Discovery of major oil in Alaska in 1960s Transformed Alaskan Economy
Forestry/Fishing ½ of U.S. construction lumber harvested in Pacific NW Billions of tons of fish caught off Alaska, Hawaii, and Pac. NW
7.4 Concepts
How have geography and distance affected where people live and work in the region? Transcontinental Railroad
Completion (1869) spurred growth of cities People moved west but terrain, landscape & climates force living near cities
Alaska Largest state= smallest population
Caused by landscape/climate rugged mtns.,(what two?)
Capitol only reached by boat/plane Hawaii
2,000 miles away from U.S. mainlands What drew the U.S. to Hawaii?
Wanted them as refueling stations for trade with Japan/China Today
More mainstream b/c of Jet planes shortening traveling time Popular tourism Telecommunication keeps up to date
7.4 Concepts
Chapter 7
Region where temperatures are always cold and only
specialized plants can grow
Tundra
7.4 Concepts