Today’s Journal…

Look at the italicized paragraph on page 204. What types of things considered deviant in 1969 would you say are no longer deviant? Why? Would you add anything to the list?

Deviance andSocial Control

Ch. 7, Sec. 1 & 2, pp. 108-119

Deviance and Social Control

Deviance-behavior that departs from norms

Deviance changes from time and place

Types of Deviance

Negative Deviance- behavior that fails to meet accepted norms

Positive Deviance- Over-conformity to the norms to a state of imbalance and extreme perfectionism

Social ControlThe ways a society promotes

conformity to normsInternal Social Control-Lies within the

person and is acquired through socializationInternalization is most effective

method of control

Social Control

External Social Control- Based on rewards and punishments designed to encourage a desired behaviorSanctions play a major role here

Costs and Benefits of Deviance

Negative Effects of DevianceErodes peoples’ trust in youIf not corrected at an early age

deviance will growCost of fixing behavior is expensive

to society (Schools vs. Prisons)

Positives of Deviant Behavior

Helps others understand what is deviant behavior and hopefully shapes more positive behavior

Can act as a temporary safety valve to relieve stress

Promotes social change

Strain Theory (Merton)

Occurs when there is a gap between culturally desirable goals and the legitimate way of obtaining them

What happens when you don’t have the skills to reach goals or financial means to obtain them??

Deviant Responses to Strain Theory

Innovation-person accepts the goals but uses illegal means to reach them

Ritualism-person rejects goals knowing they can’t reach them, but continue to use legal means

Deviant Responses to Strain Theory

Retreatism-the person rejects both the means and the goals so they drop out of society

Rebellion-reject goals and the approved means to get them, so they substitute a new set of goals and means to achieve them

Control Theory (Hirsch)Conformity to social norms depends

on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society.The weaker the bonds the more

likely deviance is going to happenPeople conform to “save face” with

family and friends

Social Bond CharacteristicsAttachment-the stronger your

attachment to a group the more likely you are going to conform

Commitment-the greater your commitment to the social goals and values of the group the more likely you are to conform

Social Bond CharacteristicsInvolvement-the greater your

participation in socially approved activities the more likely you are to conform

Belief-if a person believes in the norms and values and what the society stands for, they are more likely to conform

HIRSCHI ESSAY

Write a 1 pg. essay that explains, with examples, how schools use Hirschi’s 4 social bond characteristics (p. 212) to get you to conform to their norms.

STOP!!!

Symbolic Interactionism and Deviance

Ch. 7, sec.3, pp. 214-217

Differential Association Theory

Emphasizes the role of primary groups in transmitting devianceDeviance is learned (primary groups)Purpose of Juvenile Detention

Centers?

Characteristics of TheoryIndividual who knows mostly deviants

is more likely to learn deviant behavior

If significant others are deviant, the individual is more likely to copy behavior

Young children learn deviant behaviors more quickly than older children

Labeling TheoryDeviance is relative to time and placeThe same behavior from two different

people may be labeled differentlySocial classes are not always labeled

equallyThe more affluent class you are in the

more breaks the system give you

Degrees of DeviancePrimary Deviance-occurs when a

person engages in an isolated act of devianceDon’t consider themselves to be

deviantSecondary Deviance-deviance is a

person’s lifestyle. Chosen the life of a criminal

Conflict Theory and Deviance

Ch. 7, Sec.4, pp.218-223

Deviance in an Industrialized Society

Deviance occurs b/c of conflict between those in control and those who lack control

The rich define deviance as acts which threaten their position

Defined as those who criticize the system or are unwilling to work within it. Punished severely.

Race, Ethnicity, and CrimeConflict Theorists believe minorities

receive unequal treatment before the criminal justice system.

Minorities are more often convicted and serve more jail time and more death sentences

Race, Ethnicity, and CrimeMinorities don’t have economic

resources to buy good legal servicesCrimes against whites are punished

more severelyVictim Discounting-seriousness of the

crime is reduced by the general society if it is directed at members of a lower social class

Today’s Journal…

What is your opinion on capital punishment? When should it be used?

White Collar Crime

Any crime committed by respectable individuals, that have high statuses in society, in the course of their occupation

Sentences are less, usually probation or repayment

Crime of Opportunity

Crime and Punishment

Ch. 7, Sec. 5, pp. 224-232

Measure of CrimeCrime-acts in violation of statute law

(2,800 classified federal crimes)Violent crime in the U.S. is greater

than most other industrialized nationsUniform Crime Report-(FBI)-annual

report which collects crime reports National Crime Victimization Survey-

gives an indication that many crimes go unreported

Juvenile Crime

Crimes committed by people under 18

Violent juvenile crime has decreased

Why do you think that is?

4 Approaches to Crime Control

Deterrence-threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions. Works if:Criminals are likely to get caughtPunishment will be severeIn our justice system the

punishment is not certain, swift, of severe

4 Approaches to Crime Control

Retribution-punishment intended to make the criminal pay compensation for their acts

Incarceration-puts criminals in prison and removes them from society

Rehabilitation-an effort to break this pattern of criminal behavior and replace it with better behavior