chapter 7: cell structure & function 7.1 & 7.2. discovering the cell for a long time, we...

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Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2

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Discovering the Cell The invention of the microscope changed how we look at living things

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Page 1: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function

7.1 & 7.2

Page 2: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Discovering the CellFor a long time, we didn’t know cells existed.They were too small to see with the naked eye!

What invention changed this?

Page 3: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Discovering the Cell

The invention of the microscope changed how we look at living things

Page 4: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

We use a compound light microscope.

Can see the Cell Membrane & NucleusCan not study internal structures of organelles

Electron Microscope

Page 5: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Discovery of the Cell

Robert Hooke: saw a honeycomb structure when examining cork under the microscope

Named these structures cells, meaning “storage rooms”

Page 6: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Discovery of the cell

Van Leeuwenhoek

Observed microorganisms in pond water, tooth scrapings, and saliva

Page 7: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Cell Theory

Three parts

Cells are the smallest/basic units of lifeAll living things are made up of cellsAll cells come from preexisting cells

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory

Page 8: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Levels

Macromolecules (last unit)Organelle (cell parts such as the nucleus or mitochondria)CellTissueOrganSystemsOrganism

smallest

biggest

Page 9: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Different cell categories

Prokaryote: cell without a nucleus or most organelles

Ex. bacteria

Eukaryote: cell with a nucleus and organelles

Ex. animal cell

Page 10: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

2 types of Eukaryotic Cells

Animal Plant

Page 11: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Cell Membrane• Controls what enters and exits the cell• Made of phospholipids bilayer

Page 12: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Nucleus• Only in a eukaryotic cell• “Boss” controls the cell• Stores & Protects the DNA

Page 13: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Page 14: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Page 15: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Cytoplasm• “Jelly” that holds cell structures in place

Page 16: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Mitochondria• “Power House”• Make ATP energy source• CELL RESPIRATION

Page 17: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Page 18: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Cell Respiration

Converts chemical energy in food to usable energy in the form of

ATP

Page 19: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Ribosome• Make Proteins• Found Free or Attached

to the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Page 20: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)• Manufactures (aka makes) important substances for

the cell.• Helps the Ribosome!

Page 21: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

• Rough ER Ribosomes attached to it

• Smooth ER

• Found outside of the nucleus

Page 22: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Golgi Apparatus

• Packages & Ships substances produced by the cell

Page 23: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Page 24: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Lysosome

• Digests/Breaks down waste, old parts, foreign substances & recycles them.

• Rarely found in plants cells.

Page 25: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Centrioles

Important for cell division!Help to organize & move chromosomes during mitosis.Mainly found in animal cells

Page 26: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Cilia and Flagella

• Cilia– Look like hair

• Flagella– A tail

Page 27: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Plants Cell

• Plant cells have a few differences!– Cell Wall

– Large Vacuoles– Chloroplasts

Page 28: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Cell Wall

• Rigid Helps support, shape & protect the cell• Made of Cellulose

Page 29: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Vacuole

• Fluid filled sac• Stores enzymes,

waste, & water• Also found in

animal cells but they are much smaller

Page 30: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Chloroplast

• Stores pigments that convert sunlight to cell energy photosynthesis!

Page 31: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8

Page 32: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

Page 33: Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 & 7.2. Discovering the Cell For a long time, we didn’t know cells existed. They were too small to see with the

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