chapter 7
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7. CELLS. DISCOVERY. Robert Hooke 1665- examined a slice of cork and saw little boxes he called “cells”. DEFINITION. CELL- the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life (Plants, animals) Plant cells discovered by SCHLEIDEN in 1838 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 7CELLS
![Page 2: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DISCOVERY Robert Hooke 1665- examined a slice
of cork and saw little boxes he called “cells”
![Page 3: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DEFINITION CELL- the smallest unit of matter that
can carry on all the processes of life
(Plants, animals)Plant cells discovered by SCHLEIDEN in
1838Animal cells discovered by SCHWANN
in 1855
![Page 4: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CELL THEORY- 3 parts
1. all living things are made of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
3. cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
![Page 5: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CELL DIVERSITY SIZE- cells are limited in size by the
ratio between their outer surface area and their volume
Nutrients, oxygen, and other materials must pass through the surface of the cell
![Page 6: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CELL DIVERSITY SHAPE- cells come in a variety of
shapes to best fit their function Example Nerve Cell- long and
slender with many branches White Blood Cell- can change
shape, leave blood, and engulf bacteria
![Page 7: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CELL DIVERSITY INTERNAL ORGANIZATION-cells
contain a variety of structures called ORGANELLES
ORGANELLES- “little organ”- performs specific functions for the cell
![Page 8: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ORGANELLES CELL MEMBRANE-
thin membrane that separates the cell from its environment
![Page 9: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ORGANELLESNUCLEUS – large dense
area near the center of the cell that controls all the cells functions and carries hereditary information
EUKARYOTES ---“ true” “nucleus”- organisms whose cells have a membrane bound nucleus and other organelles
Examples-PROKARYOTES-
organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus
![Page 10: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ORGANELLESCELL WALL-
(CELLULOSE) –rigid structure on the outside of the cell membrane of plant cells. Provides structure and protection for the cell
![Page 11: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ORGANELLESCYTOPLASM- liquid
portion of the cell (up to 80% water) location of many chemical reactions
![Page 12: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ORGANELLES MITOCHONDRIA-
double membraned cell with CRISTAE (waves)-produces energy for the cell (ATP)
![Page 13: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ORGANELLESROUGH
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- sets of tubules located near the nucleus that are lined with ribosomes- synthesizes proteins
![Page 14: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ORGANELLES SMOOTH
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- sets of tubules located near the rough ER that are without ribosomes- synthesizes fats, breaks down toxins
![Page 15: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ORGANELLESRIBOSOME- tiny dots
found on the Rough ER (or floating around) that synthesize protein
![Page 16: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ORGANELLESGOLGI APPARATUS-
(UPS of the cell) flattened stacks of membranes that receive, package, and transport materials throughout the cell
![Page 17: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ORGANELLESLYSOSOME- (garbage
disposal of the cell) vesicles filled with digestive enzymes. Breaks down dead cell parts, bacteria invaders, food.
![Page 18: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ORGANELLESPEROXISOMES
- vesicles filled with enzymes used to detoxify the cell
![Page 19: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ORGANELLESCYTOSKELETO
N- network of long proteins that give the cell structure and move items around in the cell
![Page 20: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ORGANELLESMICROTUBULES-long
hollow tubes that provide support for the cell- helps in cell division
![Page 21: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ORGANELLES MICROFILAME
NTS- thin fibers of protein that help in movement of the cell and aide in contraction of muscle cells
![Page 22: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ORGANELLESCENTRIOLES-
specialized microtubules around the nucleus that helps with the division of the nucleus
![Page 23: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ORGANELLESCHLOROPLASTS-
double membraned organelle that collects light and makes glucose (PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
![Page 24: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ORGANELLESCHLOROPHYLL
- green pigment in chloroplasts that absorb visible light
![Page 25: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ORGANELLES VACUOLES- large
vesicle (in plants) and smaller in animals- that store fluids such as – enzymes, water, wastes, ions, food
![Page 26: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ORGANELLESFLAGELLA- long whip
like tail filled with microtubules that are used for motility.
![Page 27: Chapter 7](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/568165bc550346895dd8b9ab/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ORGANELLESCILIA- small
hairlike structure made of microtubules that aide in motility or collects food