chapter 7: 500-1300. collapse of the roman empire created a decline in western europe invaders,...
TRANSCRIPT
The Rise of Europe
Chapter 7: 500-1300
Collapse of the Roman Empire created a
decline in Western Europe Invaders, trade declined, towns emptied, very
little classical learning Referred to as the Dark Ages
Currently, it is the Medieval, or Middle Ages
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages
Germanic Tribes Goths, Vandals,
Saxons, Franks Farmers and
herders lived in small communities
Kings were elected and warriors served them
Clovis, King of the Franks-he conquered Gaul (today it’s France) He converted to
Christianity- made an ally in the Pope
Islam, began in Arabia Took over Christian
lands from Palestine to Spain
Battle of Tours Christians triumphed
over the Muslims and they no longer advanced into Western Europe.
The Early Middle AgesAge of Charlemagne
Charlemagne- Charles the Great
Fought the Muslims, Saxons, Avars, Slavs, and Lomards-able to reunite the Western Roman Empire
Charlemagne was proclaimed Emperor of the Romans for helping Pope Leo III
This upset the emperor in the Eastern Roman Empire- and further divided the two Christian worlds.
The Early Middle AgesAge of Charlemagne
United Christian Empire
Spread Christianity throughout the land and converted many other groups.
Officials to carry out laws and keep detailed records.
Education Encouraged local
schools and wanted Latin to be taught
Charlemagne's Legacy Extended Christian
empire Blended Germanic,
Roman, & Christian traditions.
Strong and efficient governments.
The Early Middle AgesEurope After Charlemagne
After he died his son took over, Louis I Louis I, sons battled
for power-the three divided the empire into three regions, Treaty of Verdun
Invasions Muslims continued to
threaten Magyars, from
Hungary took over Eastern Europe
Vikings Farmers and sailors,
traders, and explorers
Section 2: Feudalism and the Manor Economy
Feudalism- System of rule in which powerful lords divided land among vassals, lesser lords. They provided service and loyalty to the powerful lord.
Land Loyalty and Military service
Knights Left at age 7-to the castle
of his father’s lord. Learned to ride, fight, keep
his armor clean Discipline and training was
harsh and strict Fought on horseback-
swords, axes, and lances as weapons
Wore armor and carried shields
Feudalism and the Manor Economy
Castles Stone high walls,
towers, and drawbridges over moats.
Homes for the lords and fortresses
Noblewomen Took over while the husband
or father was away Some women did inherit land-
most land went to the firstborn son
Women were sent for training in weaving, spinning, and supervising servants
Some learned to read and write
Expected to have many children and serve her husband
Chivalry Brave, Loyal, and true to their
word
Feudalism and the Manor EconomyManors Support Feudalism
Manor- Lord’s estate Lord, Peasants, and Serfs
Serfs, they were not slaves that were brought and sold. However, they were not free and could not leave the land without permission.
Peasants- worked farming the land, repairing bridges and roads. Must ask permission to marry, and they paid to use the grain mill. In return, they had land to farm, protection from war. They
had food, housing, and land.
Feudalism and the Manor Economy
The manor produced everything they needed. Peasants did not have schooling, and rarely left the manor.
Cottages and huts is where the peasants lived. A church, lord’s house, and grain mill were close by. Around the village were strips of land where they farmed, then land for the animals and hay.
Life Men, women and children all worked harsh long hours. Black bread (Rye) with cabbage, turnips, and onions was
a common meal. Rarely did they have meat. Families kept their animals in their huts with them at
night. Christmas and Easter was time to celebrate! A week off
of work, eating, dancing, and sports took place during this time.
Section 3: The Medieval Church The Church was incredibly
important to daily life. Priests interpreted the Bible, guided people on morale issues and helped the sick and needy.
Holidays and celebrations happened at the Church Tithe or tax (1/10 of their
income) went to the Church
Churches started as small wooden structures, then to stone buildings
Cathedrals Gothic style large ornate
buildings.
The Medieval Church
Men and women are equal before God.
On Earth, women are weak and easily led into sin.
Minimum age for marriage, harsh punishments to men that harm women. (Women had harsher penalties sometimes.)
Monasteries and Convents Monks (Men) Nuns (Women) Benedictine Rule
Obedience to the monastery Poverty Chastity
They educated, took care of the sick, and helped others in any way they could.
Church Power Grows Popes claimed Papal
Supremacy, authority over all rulers.
Canon Law Governed, wills,
marriage, and morals. Punishments
Excommunication-not allowed to receive sacraments
Interdict-an entire town, region or kingdom not being allowed to receive sacraments.
Sacraments give a Christian burial- no burial condemns you to hell for eternity.
The Medieval Church Corruption
Wealth began corrupting monks and nuns.
Priests that married, spent less time at the Church.
Reform Benedict Rule was imposed
again. Bishops and nobles had no part
in church affairs. Friars
Traveling monks that preached to the poor.
Jews Lived peacefully with Muslims
and Christians for hundreds of years.
Prejudice from Christians increased. Jews were blamed for illnesses or famine.
They were forbidden from owning land or having jobs.
Few educated Jews were given jobs as financial advisors or physicians.
Persecution forced the Jews to moved eastward in Eastern Europe, where they were welcomed.
Section 4: Economic Recovery Sparks Change
Agriculture Revolution Iron Plows and
harnesses for horses allowed for larger fields
Peasants cleared more unused land and increased the land in which to plant
New system of planting revived the soil and fed more of the population.
Revival of Trade and Travel Chinese silks, gold
jewelry, Asian spices were all traded throughout Europe.
Towns first began as merchants set up centers to make and sell goods. As manor populations
grew, lords allowed peasants to buy their freedom and move to towns.
Economic Recovery Sparks ChangeA Commercial Revolution
Money became more important as trade increased. Capital, money for
investments. Merchants joined in
partnerships for large business ventures.
Insurance allowed merchants to protect their shipments.
Credit was used instead of cash or gold coins, practice Europeans took from the Muslims.
Money allowed peasants to sell their goods and services rather than only work for the lords. Tenant farmers
emerged, paying rent for farmland.
Economic Recovery Sparks ChangeThe Rise of Middle Class
Middle Class Group of merchants and
artisans-between the nobles and peasants.
Guilds Merchants
Passed laws and taxes, chose what to spend town money on.
Artisans Workers for each
occupation, limited memberships. Only members could work in that trade.
Regulated hours, quality, and set prices.
Guild Members At 7 or 8, a child
becomes an apprentice, trainee
Apprentice for 7 years, did not get paid, but the guild master provides housing and training.
Few became guild masters, many were journeymen, the salaried workers
Women Same trade as husband
or father Ribbon making and
papermaking
Economic Recovery Sparks ChangeTown and City Life
Overcrowding So many people
led to people adding more floors to their houses.
Churches with tall steeples were in almost every town or city.
No garbage pick up or sewer systems. Waste was thrown into the streets.
Towns were filthy, smelly, noisy, and crowded!