chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · chapter 7 principles of electric circuits, conventional flow, 9th ed....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Elektrik Devreleri
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Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
Çoğu pratik devreler seri ve paralel elektriksel
elemanların birleşiminden oluşur. Seri ve paralel
devre elemanları birleştirilerek çoğu zaman analiz
işlemi kolaylaştırılabilir.
Birleşik devreler
Önemli bir analiz yaklaşımı eşdeğer bir devre
oluşturmaktır. Eşdeğer bir devre
diğer devre ile elektriksel olarak aynı özelliğe
sahiptir, fakat genelde daha basittir.
![Page 3: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
Birleşik devreler
R1
R2R2
1
1.0 k
1.0 k
Örnek:
iki devre de eşit R11
2.0 k
Devre kutularını birbirinden ayıracak hiçbir
elektriksel ölçüm yoktur.
![Page 4: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
Birleşik devreler
Diğer bir örnek:
Devre kutularını birbirinden ayıracak hiçbir
elektriksel ölçüm yoktur.
R R1 2
1.0 k 1.0 kR
1,2
500
birbirine eşittir
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Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
R
R
1
R2R2
31.0 k
4.7 k
2.7 k
eşittir
R R1,2 3
4.7 k3.7 k
R1,2,3
2.07 k
eşittir
Üç devre kutularını da
birbirinden ayıracak hiçbir
elektriksel ölçüm yoktur.
![Page 6: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
Birleşik devreler
Kirchhoff’un gerilim yasası (KVL) ve Kirchhoff’un
akım yasası (KCurrentL) birleşik devreler de dahil, herhangi
bir devreye uygulanabilir.
R5
100
R3
330
R2
470
R1
270
VS
5.0 V
R4
100
R6
100 Start/Finish
R5
100
R3
330
R2
470
R1
270
VS
5.0 V
R4
100
R6
100 Start/Finish
Bir başka
kapalı yol! Örneğin, KVL
uygulandığında,
gösterilen yoldaki
toplam gerilim 0 V
olur.
Başla/Bitir
![Page 7: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
I
+
+
26.5 mA
I
+18.5 mA
I
+8.0 mA
R5
100
R3
330
R2
470
R1
270
VS
5.0 V
R4
100
R6
100
A- -
-
Özet
Aynı devreye Kirchoff’un akım yasası da
uygulanabilir. A düğümünden ne değeri okunur?
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Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
Birleşik
devre
Parametreleri özetlemek açısından akım, direnç, gerilim
ve güç değerlerini tablolaştırmak yararlı bir yoldur.
Gösterilen devredeki bilinmeyen nicelikleri hesaplayınız.
I1= R1= 270 V1= P1=
I2= R2= 330 V2= P2=
I3= R3= 470 V3= P3=
IT= RT= VS= 10 V PT=
4.18 V
4.18 V
5.82 V
21.6 mA
8.9 mA
12.7 mA
21.6 mA 126 mW
53.1 mW
37.2 mW
216 mW
R1
R3
470
270
R2
330
VS +10 V
464
![Page 9: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
Kirchhoff’un yasaları cevapları
kontrol etmek için uygulanabilir.
I1= R1= 270 V1= P1=
I2= R2= 330 V2= P2=
I3= R3= 470 V3= P3=
IT= RT= VS= 10 V PT=
4.18 V
4.18 V
5.82 V
21.6 mA
8.9 mA
12.7 mA
21.6 mA 126 mW
53.1 mW
37.2 mW
216 mW 464
R1
R3
470
270
R2
330
VS +10 V
R2 ve R3 deki kol akımlarına eşittir.
Dikkat edilirse R1 deki akım
Dış döngü etrafındaki gerilimlerin toplamı sıfırdır.
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Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
Voltmetrenin
yükleme etkisi
Tüm ölçümler, ölçülen niceliği (değeri) etkileyebilir.
Voltmetrelerin, test yapılan devrenin direnisini
değiştirebilecek bir iç direnci vardır. Bu direnç oldukça
büyük bir değerliklidir (1 M). Neden?
VS = 10 V olsun, ama
voltmetre, hem R1 hem de
R2 deki gerilimi 4.04 V
olarak okumaktadır.
R1
470 k
R2
47 k0
VS +10 V
+ 10 V
Ne olduğunu açıklayabilir misiniz?
+4.04 V
+4.04 V
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Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Özet
Wheatstone köprüsü
Wheatstone köprüsü iki gerilim
bölücü ve bir DC gerilim kaynağından
oluşan dört direnç kolundan meydana
gelmektedir. Çıkış, gerilim
bölücülerin arasından alınmaktadır.
Çoğunlukla, köprü dirençlerinden bir
tanesi ayarlanabilirdir.
Köprü dengedeyse, çıkış gerilimi
-
+
R1R3
R4R2
VS
Output
Sıfır Volt,
ve karşı çapraz koldaki dirençlerinin çarpımı birbirine eşittir.
Çıkış
![Page 12: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary Summary Summary Summary Özet
Wheatstone köprüsü uygulaması
Wheatstone köprüleri yük hücrelerinde kullanılır. Yük hücresi bir kuvveti
elektrik sinyali haline dönüştürmek için kullanılan dönüştürücüdür. Köprü
kolları dört gerinim ölçerden meydana gelir – ikisi gerinim ve diğer ikisi
sıkıştırma.
![Page 13: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Dengeli köprü
Sızıntı direnci akımı
Yük (load)
Devredeki toplam akımdan yük akımın
çıkarılmasından sonraki geriye kalan akımdır.
Devreden akım çeken ve devrenin çıkış
uçbirimlerine bağlı bir eleman (direnç veya
başka bir bileşen olabilir).
Bir köprü devresindeki çıkış gerilimi 0 V ise,
köprü dengededir.
Anahtar Terimler
![Page 14: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Dengesiz köprü
Wheatstone köprüsü
4-bacak tipli köprü devresiyle, devre denge
durumundaysa, bilinmeyen bir direnç doğru
bir şekilde ölçülebilir. Direnideki sapmalar da
devrenin dengede olmama durumuyla
ölçülebilir.
Denge durumundan sapma miktarı ile orantılı
olarak bir çıkış gerilimi elde edilen bir köprü
devresi.
Anahtar Terimler
![Page 15: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
1. İki devre birbirine eşdeğerse
a. devre elemanı sayıları
b. bir elektriksel uyarıya tepkisi
c. iç enerji yitimi
d. yukarıdakilerin hepsi
aynı olur.
![Page 16: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
2. Bir karmaşık devre, bir dizi eşdeğer devreden
oluşuyorsa, eşdeğer devre nasıl analiz edilebilir?
a. gerilim bölücü teoremi
b. Kirchhoff’un gerilim yasası
c. yukarıdakilerin her ikisi
d. yukarıdakilerin hiçbiri
![Page 17: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
3. Gösterilen devrede,
a. R1, R2 ile seri bağlantılıdır
b. R1, R2 ile paralel bağlantılıdır
c. R2, R3 ile seri bağlantılıdır
d. R2, R3 ile paralel bağlantılıdır
-
+
R1
R3
R2
VS
![Page 18: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
4. Gösterilen devrede,
a. R1, R2 ile seri bağlantılıdır
b. R4, R1 ile paralel bağlantılıdır
c. R2 , R3 ile paralel bağlantılıdır
d. hiçbiri
-
+R1
R4
R3
R2
VS
![Page 19: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
5. Devredeki toplam direni, RT
a. 1.0 k
b. 2.0 k
c. 3.0 k
d. 4.0 k
R1
R5
RT
R4
R3
R2
500
500 1.0 k
1.0 k
2.0 k
![Page 20: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
6. Gösterilen devrede, Kirchhoff‘un gerilim yasası (KVL)
a. yalnızca dış döngüye (çevreye) uygulanır.
b. yalnızca bağlantı noktası (düğüm) A ya uygulanır.
c. herhangi kapalı bir yola uygulanabilir.
d. uygulanamaz.
R1
R3
470
270
R2
330
VS +10 V A
![Page 21: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
7. Bir devreye ölçü aleti bağlanmasından dolayı ölçülen
niceliğin değişmesi etkisi ne etkisi olarak adlandırılır?
a. yükleme
b. kırpma
c. bozulum
d. duyarlık (kesinlik) yitimi
![Page 22: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
8. Dengede olmayan bir Wheatstone köprüsünün sahip
olduğu gerilim gösterilmiştir. R4 direnci uçlarındaki gerilim
ne olur?
a. 4.0 V
b. 5.0 V
c. 6.0 V
d. 7.0 V
-
+
RL
R1R3
R4R2
VS
12 V
1.0 V
7.0 V+ -
![Page 23: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
9. Wheatstone köprüsü dengeye gelinceye kadar R2
direncinin ayarlandığı varsayılsın. Bu noktada, R4 direnci
uçlarındaki gerilim ölçülmüş ve 5.0 V bulunmuştur. R1 in
uçlarındaki gerilim nedir?
a. 4.0 V
b. 5.0 V
c. 6.0 V
d. 7.0 V
-
+
RL
R1R3
R4R2
VS
12 V
5.0 V
+ -
![Page 24: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
10. Gösterilen devrede, R3 açık devre yapılırsa, A noktasındaki gerilim
a. azalır.
b. aynı kalır.
c. artar.
d. hiçbiri.
R1
R3
470
270
R2
330
VS +10 V A
![Page 25: Chapter 7 · 2019-03-02 · Chapter 7 Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed. Floyd © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/5f491d5489151e525355dbca/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Chapter 7
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Test
Cevap:
1. b
2. c
3. d
4. d c
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. a
9. d
10. c