chapter 6.1 review. 1. what is needed to cause a change in momentum?
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6.1 Review
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1. What is needed to cause a change in momentum?
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An unbalanced force is needed to cause a change in momentum.
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2. The speed of a car is tripled. By how much is the momentum changed? By how much is the kinetic energy changed?
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The momentum is tripled, mv.The kinetic energy is multiplied by a factor of nine, ½ mv2.
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3. A ball is moving up with a speed of 8 m/s. A few seconds later, it is falling at 8 m/s. Is the momentum of the ball the same at these two points? Is the kinetic energy the same?
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The momentum is NOT the same. Momentum is a vector and the ball is going in two different directions.However, the kinetic energy IS the same, kinetic energy is NOT a vector.
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4. A dog with a mass of 55 kg is running north with a velocity of 15 m/s. What is his momentum?
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p = mvp = 55 kg x 15 m/sp = 825 kgm/s
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5. Toonces, a 22 kg cat is driving an 1180 kg car at a velocity of 25 m/s east. What is the total momentum of the Toonces and the car?
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p = mv
p = (22 + 1180 kg) x 25 m/s
p = 30050 kgm/s east
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6. What is Toonces’ momentum in problem 5?
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p = mv
p = (22 kg) x 25 m/s
p = 550 kgm/s east
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7. What is the car’s momentum in problem 5?
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p = mv
p = (1180 kg) x 25 m/s
p = 29500 kgm/s east
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8. A 12 kg bird is flying 15 m/s to the north. A few moments later, the bird is flying 15 m/s to the south. Is the change in the bird’s momentum zero? If not, what is the change in the bird’s momentum?
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NO. The change in velocity is not zero. Since the bird is moving in the opposite direction, the velocity change is 15 + 15 m/s.p = mvp = 12 kg x 30 m/sp = 360 kgm/s south
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9. Josh Hamilton hits a 38 m/s pitch. The 0.15 kg baseball leaves his bat in the opposite direction at 41 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the baseball?
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p = mvp = 0.15 kg x (38 + 41 m/s)p = 0.15 kg x (79 m/s)
p = 11.85 kgm/s
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10. How are impulse and momentum related?
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Impulse is equal to the change in momentum.
Ft = mv
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11. A 0.4 kg football is kicked off a tee. It leaves the foot of the kicker at 21 m/s. What impulse was delivered to the football by the kicker’s foot?
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Impulse is equal to change in momentum. Impulse = mv Impulse = 0.4 x 21 Impulse = 8.4 Ns
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12. An arrow of mass 0.023 kg is moving 35 m/s. If a target slows the arrow to a stop in 0.34 seconds, what force did the target apply to the arrow?
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Ft = mvF x 0.34 s = 0.023 kg x 35 m/sF x 0.34 = 0.805F = 2.37 N
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13. Bengie Molina catches a 0.15 kg baseball pitched at 40 m/s. If he slows the ball to a stop in 0.15 seconds, what force did he apply?
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Ft = mvF x 0.15 s = 0.15 kg x 40 m/sF x 0.15 = 6F = 40 N
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14. A 50 kg ice skater throws a 15 kg box east at 10 m/s. What is the velocity of the skater?
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mv = mv50 x v = 15 x 1050v = 150v = 3 m/s
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15. A soccer ball with a mass of 0.48 kg is moving at 20 m/s. If the ball collides with a player’s head (mass = 5 kg) and the ball rebounds in the opposite direction at 20 m/s, what is the velocity of the player’s head?
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mv + mv = mv + mv0.48 x 20 + 5 x 0 =0.48 x -20 + 5 x v9.2 = -9.2 + 5v18.4 = 5v
v = 3.68 m/s
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16. A bullet is fired at 1000 m/s to the west. The mass of the bullet is 5 grams. What is the recoil momentum of the gun?
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p0 = pf p = mvp = 0.005 x 1000p = 5 kgm/s
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17. If the gun in question 16 has a mass of 1.1 kg, what is the gun’s recoil velocity?
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p = mv5 kgm/s = 1.1vv = 4.55 m/s
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18. A 40 kg roller skater pushes a 60 kg roller skater. If the 60 kg skater rolls away at a velocity of 5 m/s north, what is the velocity of the 40 kg skater?
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mv = mv40 x v = 60 x 540v = 300v = 7.5 m/s
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