Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire

1. How long did the Byzantine 1. How long did the Byzantine Empire last and who conquered Empire last and who conquered

it?it?

1. How long did the Byzantine 1. How long did the Byzantine Empire last and who conquered Empire last and who conquered

it?it?

It lasted from about 500 to It lasted from about 500 to

1453 c.e.1453 c.e.

The Ottoman Turks conquered The Ottoman Turks conquered

it.it.

6.2 ~ 6.2 ~ ConstantinopleConstantinople

6.2 ~ 6.2 ~ ConstantinopleConstantinople

1. Why was Constantinople ideally 1. Why was Constantinople ideally located to be the capital of the located to be the capital of the

Byzantine Empire?Byzantine Empire?

1. Why was Constantinople ideally 1. Why was Constantinople ideally located to be the capital of the located to be the capital of the

Byzantine Empire?Byzantine Empire?

Constantinople was easy to Constantinople was easy to

defend and it lay at the defend and it lay at the

crossroads of many sea and crossroads of many sea and

overland trade routes linking overland trade routes linking

east and west. (located east and west. (located

between Europe and Asia.)between Europe and Asia.)

2. What were some of Constantinople’s 2. What were some of Constantinople’s main features?main features?

2. What were some of Constantinople’s 2. What were some of Constantinople’s main features?main features?

Constantinople was surrounded by water Constantinople was surrounded by water

on three sides on three sides

fortified by miles of walls with fortified by miles of walls with

Watchtowers and gates. A large chain Watchtowers and gates. A large chain

protected the mouth of its harbor. protected the mouth of its harbor.

The city had a sewer system, hospitals, The city had a sewer system, hospitals,

homes for the elderly, and orphanages.homes for the elderly, and orphanages.

3. What was daily life like in 3. What was daily life like in Constantinople?Constantinople?

3. What was daily life like in 3. What was daily life like in Constantinople?Constantinople?

Life in Constantinople was more advanced Life in Constantinople was more advanced

than in western Europe. than in western Europe.

The city’s language and culture were Greek, The city’s language and culture were Greek,

but traders and visitors spoke many but traders and visitors spoke many

languages. languages.

Most people lived in poverty. Many people Most people lived in poverty. Many people

attended chariot races. attended chariot races.

The emperor gave bread to the unemployed, The emperor gave bread to the unemployed,

who did public works in exchange.who did public works in exchange.

6.3 ~ The Reign 6.3 ~ The Reign of Justinianof Justinian

6.3 ~ The Reign 6.3 ~ The Reign of Justinianof Justinian

1. What event forced Justinian to start 1. What event forced Justinian to start rebuilding parts of Constantinople?rebuilding parts of Constantinople?

1. What event forced Justinian to start 1. What event forced Justinian to start rebuilding parts of Constantinople?rebuilding parts of Constantinople?

Large parts of the city were Large parts of the city were

ruined when fighting in the ruined when fighting in the

Hippodrome spilled into the Hippodrome spilled into the

streets and escalated into a streets and escalated into a

rebellion.rebellion.

2. What were some of the improvements 2. What were some of the improvements made to Constantinople as a result of made to Constantinople as a result of

Justinian’s public works project?Justinian’s public works project?

2. What were some of the improvements 2. What were some of the improvements made to Constantinople as a result of made to Constantinople as a result of

Justinian’s public works project?Justinian’s public works project?

New bridges, public baths, New bridges, public baths,

parks, roads, and hospitals parks, roads, and hospitals

were built. were built.

In addition, the Hagia Sophia, a In addition, the Hagia Sophia, a

grand cathedral, was built.grand cathedral, was built.

3. How has Justinian’s Code affected the 3. How has Justinian’s Code affected the modern world?modern world?

3. How has Justinian’s Code affected the 3. How has Justinian’s Code affected the modern world?modern world?

Justinian’s Code is the basis Justinian’s Code is the basis

(framework) for many legal (framework) for many legal

codes in the western world.codes in the western world.

6.4 ~ The Eastern 6.4 ~ The Eastern Orthodox ChurchOrthodox Church6.4 ~ The Eastern 6.4 ~ The Eastern Orthodox ChurchOrthodox Church

1. What was the relationship between 1. What was the relationship between religion and government in thereligion and government in the

Byzantine Empire?Byzantine Empire?

1. What was the relationship between 1. What was the relationship between religion and government in thereligion and government in the

Byzantine Empire?Byzantine Empire?

Religion and government were Religion and government were

closely linked. closely linked.

The emperor was believed to be The emperor was believed to be

both the head of the government both the head of the government

and the living representative of and the living representative of

Jesus Christ.Jesus Christ.

2. How did the Eastern Orthodox 2. How did the Eastern Orthodox Church play a central role in the daily Church play a central role in the daily

life of Byzantines?life of Byzantines?

2. How did the Eastern Orthodox 2. How did the Eastern Orthodox Church play a central role in the daily Church play a central role in the daily

life of Byzantines?life of Byzantines?

Most people attended church Most people attended church

regularly and received regularly and received

sacraments at every stage of sacraments at every stage of

their lives. their lives.

Monasteries and convents cared Monasteries and convents cared

for the poor and sick.for the poor and sick.

6.5 ~ Conflict 6.5 ~ Conflict between between

East and WestEast and West

6.5 ~ Conflict 6.5 ~ Conflict between between

East and WestEast and West

1. Why did Byzantine emperor Leo III 1. Why did Byzantine emperor Leo III forbid the use of icons in 730? How did forbid the use of icons in 730? How did

the pope react to Leo’s order?the pope react to Leo’s order?

1. Why did Byzantine emperor Leo III 1. Why did Byzantine emperor Leo III forbid the use of icons in 730? How did forbid the use of icons in 730? How did

the pope react to Leo’s order?the pope react to Leo’s order?

Emperor Leo III believed that Emperor Leo III believed that

people were wrongly worshiping people were wrongly worshiping

the icons. the icons.

Pope Gregory III Pope Gregory III

excommunicated the emperor.excommunicated the emperor.

2. What event in 800 increased tensions 2. What event in 800 increased tensions between the east and west?between the east and west?

2. What event in 800 increased tensions 2. What event in 800 increased tensions between the east and west?between the east and west?

In 800, Pope Leo III crowned In 800, Pope Leo III crowned

Charlemagne, the king of the Franks, Charlemagne, the king of the Franks,

as Holy Roman emperor. as Holy Roman emperor.

This outraged the Byzantines, who This outraged the Byzantines, who

felt their empress (Empress Irene) felt their empress (Empress Irene)

was the rightful ruler of what was left was the rightful ruler of what was left

of the Roman Empire. of the Roman Empire.

3. How did the relationship between 3. How did the relationship between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the the Eastern Orthodox Church and the

Roman Catholic Church change in 1054?Roman Catholic Church change in 1054?

3. How did the relationship between 3. How did the relationship between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the the Eastern Orthodox Church and the

Roman Catholic Church change in 1054?Roman Catholic Church change in 1054?

In 1054, a schism, or formal In 1054, a schism, or formal

division, resulted in the Eastern division, resulted in the Eastern

Orthodox Church and the Roman Orthodox Church and the Roman

Catholic Church becoming two Catholic Church becoming two

separate Christian churches. separate Christian churches.

Review through Review through PicturesPictures

Review through Review through PicturesPictures

Working with the Working with the person next to person next to

you, discuss the you, discuss the pictures that are pictures that are

displayed. displayed.

Working with the Working with the person next to person next to

you, discuss the you, discuss the pictures that are pictures that are

displayed. displayed.

Location of ConstantinopleLocation of Constantinople

Justinian’s Justinian’s CodeCode

Religion & Religion & GovernmenGovernmen

tt

Justinian’s Public Works ProjectsJustinian’s Public Works Projects

Hippodrome ~ Revolt by Blues & GreensHippodrome ~ Revolt by Blues & Greens

Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

IconoclasmIconoclasm

Empress IreneEmpress Irene CharlemagneCharlemagne

WatchtowersWatchtowersChain across theChain across the

Golden HornGolden Horn

Eastern Orthodox ChurchEastern Orthodox ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church

10541054