CHANGING ATTITUDES AND

VALUES

Chapter 6 Section 3

Standards

10.3.2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).

Objective

You should be able to understand how the Industrial Revolution brought about social and cultural changes

I. A New Social Order Arrives

A Three Social Classes Emerge

1.Upper class-of business owners/ noble families

2.Middle Class- business people and professionals such as doctors

3.Lower middle class- office workers/teachers

4. Lower Class- peasants/ workers

I. A New Social Order Arrives

B. Middle-Class Tastes and Values1. Strong rules of social behavior

2. Children seen but not heard

I. A New Social Order Arrives

C. The Ideal Home1. Cult of domesticity- idea of the idealized

home

2. Middle Class women were not expected to work, just run the house.

3. Lower class women did have to work

II. Women Work for Rights-Reformers faced many obstacles

A. Early Voices1. Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and

Susan B. Anthony

2. Went from supporting abolition of slavery to women's rights

II. Women Work for Rights

B. The Suffrage Struggle

1. Women’s suffrage movement- women began fighting for the right to vote

2. Sojourner Truth- African American suffragist

3. Some claimed women were too emotional to vote or needed to be “protected” from politics

III. Growth of Public Education

A. Public Education Improves1. Late 1800’s education became popular

2. Teachers began being trained at Normal Schools

3. Education for girls was limited

4. Secondary education limited mainly to middle class

III. Growth of Public Education

B. Higher Education Expands1. Colleges and University Expand, teach

more subjects

2. Women established colleges e.g. Mount Holyoke in the 1840’s

IV. Science Takes New Directions A. Atomic Theory Develops

1. John Dalton showed each element has its own kind of Atoms

B. Debating the Earth’s Age

1. Charles Lyell showed Earth had formed over millions of years. (4.5 Billion Actually)

2. 1856 German workers uncover Neanderthal bones

IV. Science Takes New Directions C. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection

1. Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species argued all forms of life evolved into their present state over millions of years.

2. Natural Selection- Darwin theory that the harsh world conditions “select” those creatures best adapted to survive. AKA Survival of the fittest

IV. Science Takes New Directions D. Social Darwinism and Racism

1. Social Darwinism- the belief that “survival of the fittest” applies to human society. The rich being more “fit” than the poor for example

2. This belief promotes racism

V. Religion in an Urban Age 1. Religious forces continued to be

strong in industrial society 2. Social Gospel- movement that urges

Christians to social service