chapter 6 launching the new nation. look at the chart on page 174 you have 5 minutes to create a...
TRANSCRIPT
Look at the Chart on Page 174
• You have 5 minutes to create a symbol for the Federalists (Hamilton) and one for the Republicans (Jefferson).
New Government Takes Shape
• Judiciary Act of 1789• Constitution allowed for a court system
• Did not spell out details
• Provided a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice & 5 associate judges • 3 federal circuit courts• 13 federal district courts through the country
• Allowed for state court decisions to be appealed to a federal court when constitutional issues were raised• Federal laws remained “supreme law of the land”
Washington Shapes Executive Branch
• He needed people to help him make policies and carry out laws
• Each dept needed capable & trustworthy leaders
• When he took office there were only 2 officials: President & Vice-President
• Congress created 3 departments
Federal Departments
• Department of State:deals with________________• Secretary of State: __________________
• Department of Treasury: Manages _______________ • Secretary of Treasury: ________________
• Department of War: _______________• Secretary of War: ___________________
Hamilton & Jefferson: Contrasting
Views Hamilton & Jefferson: Contrasting
Views • Hamilton: strong central government led
by educated elite upper-class• Commerce and Industry were key
• Jefferson: strong state & local government wanted participation of all people • Society and farmer citizens
Hamilton’s Economic PlanHamilton’s Economic Plan
• Proposed a plan to manage the country’s debt & est. a national banking system
• 1790: national debt was millions• Revolution • Debt owed to foreign governments & private
citizens
• National government responsible for 2/3 of debt and states responsible for rest
Hamilton Cont’dHamilton Cont’d
• Proposed to pay off foreign debt and issue new bonds
• Federal government assume debt of states • Southern states did not like this because they
paid most debt off
• Hamilton thought state debt would give creditors a reason to support federal govt.
National Bank National Bank
• Funded by federal government and wealthy investors • Hamilton hoped to tie investors to the
country’s welfare • Would issue paper money and handle tax
receipts
• Opponents (Madison)- would cause an unhealthy alliance between government and wealthy business interest
The District of Columbia The District of Columbia
• Hamilton suggested moving capital to the South
• Plans drawn by French engineer Pierre L’Enfant • Fired by Washington• Replaced by Andrew Ellicott • Moved to DC by 1800- on the Potomac
between Maryland and Virginia `
First Political PartiesFederalists and Republicans
• Formed over one key issue• Power & Size of Federal Govt to State &
Local government
• Federalist: strong central government
• Republican: strong state government • Ancestor of today’s democrats
The Whiskey Rebellion The Whiskey Rebellion
• Due to excise tax
• Farmers in the Western Appalachians whiskey was only profitable product• Refused to pay tax, beat federal marshal &
threatened to secede • Hamilton used event to prove federal govt.
power
US Reacts to the French Revolution
US Reacts to the French Revolution
• French expected American help
• Washington was forced to stay neutral • War was not in a new
nation’s interest
Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795
• US wanted to secure land west of Appalachians & gain shipping rights on the Mississippi River
• Needed an agreement with Spain • US ambassador Thomas
Pinckney sent to strike a deal
Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795
• Spain agreed to • Give up all land east of the Mississippi • Open the Mississippi to American traffic
Northwest TerritoriesNorthwest Territories
• American pioneers assumed the ability to settle west of the Appalachians
• Problem: • British still
maintained forts• Strong Native
presence
Fights in the NorthwestFights in the Northwest
• Ohio -1790• Government sent General Josiah Harmar • Clashed with Miami Chief Little Turtle • Miami Confederacy defeated American’s
twice
Battle of Fallen TimbersBattle of Fallen Timbers
• 1792: More capable General Anthony Wayne leads fight against Natives • Little Turtle wants to
listen to peace offers • Miami tribe replaces
Little Turtle
Anthony Wayne
Battle of Fallen TimbersBattle of Fallen Timbers
• August 20, 1794: Miami are defeated at present day Toledo, Ohio
• Treaty of Greenville: Miami Confederacy gave up most of Ohio for $10,000 a year
Jay’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty
• John Jay sent to London to negotiate a treaty over control of lands west of the Appalachians• British conceded to all terms
• Evacuated posts in Northwest• Did not want to fight US & France
• Allowed continued fur trade (angered Americans)
Election of 1796Election of 1796
• Federalists: John Adams President & Thomas Pinckney for VP
• Dem/Republicans: Thomas Jefferson President & Aaron Burr for VP • Adams won 71 electoral votes to
Jefferson’s 68 • Jefferson became VP
XYZ Affair XYZ Affair
• French refused new Ambassador began seizing American ships headed for Britain • Adams sent 3 men to France to negotiate
with French foreign minister, Talleyrand • French sent low level officials “X, Y & Z”
• Asked for bribe to see Talleyrand
• Anti-French sentiment • 1798-1800: undeclared war with France
Alien & Sedition ActsAlien & Sedition Acts
• Adams & other Federalists accused Republicans of favoring foreigners• Most immigrants joined the Republican Party
• Naturalization Act: raised citizenship requirement from 5 to 14 years • Alien Act: President could deport anyone
undesirable
• Sedition Act - fines and jail terms for anyone speaking out against the government
Virginia & Kentucky Resolution
Virginia & Kentucky Resolution
• Republicans, Jefferson & Madison, wrote opposition to Alien and Sedition• Virginia & Kentucky - declared the Alien &
Sedition null and void because violated Bill of Rights
• Claimed the right to declare null & void all federal laws beyond Constitution
Election of 1800
• Republicans- Thomas Jefferson • Federalist- John Adams
• Bitter campaign
• Flaw in system • Congress passed the 12th amendment
An Informal President
• Jefferson believed in a simple government • Much more casual than
predecessors • Shrunk government and cut
costs • Reduced the size of the army &
cut plans to expand the navy • Favored free trade
Supreme Court
• Before Adams left office he got the Judiciary Act of 1801 passed • It increased the # of federal judges by 16• Filled positions with Federalists called midnight
judges• Appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice
• Jefferson claimed they were invalid because paperwork was signed but not delivered on time
Marbury V. Madison:1803
• Case cemented Judicial Review • William Marbury last minute Adams
appointee• Never received paperwork • Supreme Court ruled it was
unconstitutional
Burr/Hamilton Duel
• July 11, 1804- Weehawken NJ• Clashed repeatedly in politics• NY Governor’s race that
pushed men to violence• Burr challenged Hamilton to
refuel his career• Each man fired a shot• Burr was not hit & Hamilton was
fatally wounded• He died the next day
Questions
• How was Jefferson simplify the presidency?
• What is the significance of Marbury v Madison?
• What is judicial review & why is it important?
Louisiana Purchase
• 1803: US purchased the Louisiana Territory from France
• Robert Livingston & James Monroe negotiate with the government of Napoleon I for the sale of New Orleans
Louisiana Purchase
• Purchased at the cost of $15 million or less then 3 cents per acre
• Land extended from the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains • Doubled the size of the
country • 820,000 square miles
Lewis & Clark
• Sent to study the Indian tribes, botany, geology, Western terrain and wildlife in the area
• Guided by Sacajewea
• Expedition lasted 28 months and almost 8,000 miles
War of 1812: CausesWar of 1812: Causes
• War raged between France and Britain• America tried to stay neutral
• Napoleon excluded British goods from Europe• Great Britain retaliated with a blockade of France
• Because of blockade US ships were seized by British & French
War of 1812War of 1812
• British: seized American ships and ordered impressment of American sailors
• 1810- US prohibited trade with both France and Britain • Total Failure
• 1812: Britain agreed to respect US neutrality • At the same time..
• James Madison goes to congress to declare war
War Declared!War Declared!
• Congress approves Madison’s request
• Madison declares war on June 19, 1812
Pro-war Position Pro-war Position • West
• Wanted to remove the English presence in hopes of better relations with Natives
• Expand further west
• South • War would justify invasion of Florida (held by
British-allied Spain)
• War Hawks
War Hawks War Hawks
• Group of congressmen determined to gain respect from from foreign powers • Henry Clay, John C.
Calhoun • Only solution was war
Henry Clay
Anti-War PositionAnti-War Position
• New England stood firmly against war • NE’s economy suffered because of trade
restrictions• Thought war would only make the situation
worse • Historical ties with Britain
War of 1812War of 1812
• US first focus on Canada
• 1813: Gained control of Lakes Erie & Ontario
• Pushing northward Americans landed at York (Toronto) • Poorly organized • Burned public buildings & ships
Battle of Thames
• September 1813• American win
against British & Indian forces
• Tecumseh died in battle
British Offensive: 1814British Offensive: 1814
• British planned for 3 prong attack • Invade through Canada • Attacks on the Chesapeake Bay • Attack through the Mississippi
British Burn Washington DCBritish Burn Washington DC
August 1814: British raid Washington from Chesapeake Bay
• Burned White House, the Capitol, and other buildings
Battle of Fort McHenry: 1814Battle of Fort McHenry: 1814
• Baltimore Harbor • September 1814: British
attack fort • 25 hours of attack from
ships in Baltimore
Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key
Treaty of Ghent Belgium-1814
Treaty of Ghent Belgium-1814
• End of War• No changes in borders- just put an end to
fighting
Battle of New Orleans:1815Battle of New Orleans:1815
• Final major battle in War of 1812
• Won by the Americans after the war was over
• Andrew Jackson became an American hero
Review Questions• 1. What were the first steps taken by Washington
in the new government? • 2. Why did Washington want Jefferson &
Hamilton to be his advisors? • 3. What is the significance of the Whiskey
Rebellion? • 4. How did the expanding nation deal with the
Natives? • 5. In what ways did Jefferson make changes to
the President’s office?• 6. How did the Louisiana Purchase change the
US? • 7. What led to the War of 1812?