Chapter 6Homes From the 18th Century to Today

19th Century

The 19th Century

The industrial Revolution swept America in the early 1800’s-this brought immigrants for work. They were paid low wages

Tenements- apartment complexes with minimum standards pf sanitation, safety, and comfort, were built

Tenement Outhouse

Row Outhouses

Bathtub

Backyard

Front Entrance

Front Entrance Tenement Hallway

Tenement Kitchen

The Romantic Period

Greek Revival StyleGothic Revival Style

The Romantic Period

Influenced by European past Greek Revival Style

1825-1860– ending around the time of the Civil War

Plantation style homes were featured in this style

The Romantic Period cont’d

Greek Revival Style Characteristics 2 story rectangular house with

symmetrical placed windows Gable roof emphasized by wide trim at the

cornice Pilasters on the corners of frame houses or

across the whole front An elaborate entrance- the door was

usually surrounded by windows and may also have additional wood or masonry (stone or brick) framework

The Romantic Period cont’d

Greek Revival Style Characteristics Columns supporting small or large

porch

Greek Revival Style

Greek Revival Style

The Romantic Period cont’d Gothic Revival Style

1840-1880 Designers used European features such as

pointed arches and circular windows with ornamented carved stone

Many are made of wood because stone is very expensive and there was a shortage of stonemasons

Many were built with high peaked gothic gables with gingerbread- lacy-looking, cutout wood trim

Gothic Revival Style

Gothic Revival Style

The Romantic Period cont’d

Italianate Style 1840-1885 Italian villas or estates were reproduced Square and two stories high Wide overhanging hip roofs with decorative

brackets, or supports, at the cornice Long, narrow windows arched and crowned

with an inverted U-shaped structure

Italianate Style

Italianate Style

Italianate Style

The Victorian Period

Mansard StyleQueen Anne Style

The Victorian Period

Named for Queen Victoria who reigned in England from 1837-1901

Detail in homes were very elaborate Mansard and Queen Anne were

styles that were popular

The Victorian Period cont’d Mansard Style

Sometimes called the second Empire Style Had French influence Most popular during 1860-1880 Most notable feature was the boxlike roof

or a mansard roof- a roof that has two slopes on all sides, with lower slope being steep and the upper slope almost flat

Decorated cornices French windows- long windows that open

lengthwise at the middle Dormer windows for the top story

Mansard RoofMansard roof

                                                               

        

French Windows

                                                                                                            

Mansard Style

                                       

Mansard Style

                                             

The Victorian Period cont’d

Queen Anne Style 1870-1880 Wraparound porches with railings and

columns Many Queen Anne homes have a circular

tower that extends the entire height of the house

May have spindle work or brackets and half-timbering

Decorative wood work

Queen Anne Style

                                        

Queen Anne Style

Queen Anne Style

Queen Anne Style

The End of the Victorian Period

Houses built at the end of the Victorian era were less elaborate

Architectural lines were cleaner and simpler

Homes for the wealthy were built on a larger scale

Common Victorian features were scaled down to smaller middle class homes

The End of the Victorian Period

Many people began living in apartments

The invention of the safety elevator meant that apartments could have many stories

The 18TH Century

Understanding Period Housing Styles

The 18th Century Immigrants brought their new style of

homes to the colonies or created new styles that adapted to the new land

The Georgian Period

Georgian Style Named for the kings that were in power

at that time George I, II, III In England, Georgian homes were

constructed of stone and brick.—Americans uses these materials when they were available but adapted when they weren’t

Georgian Period Cont’d

Georgian Style Characteristics Formal, balanced design- homes were

often 2 or 3 stories high Hip roof- a roof with 4 sloped sides Large symmetrically placed windows-

windows had many small panes The front door was the focal point of the

house with many details. The door is typically framed by pilasters, which are decorative flattened columns

Georgian Period Cont’d Georgian Style Characteristics

Doorway is topped with a pediment , a triangular or arched decoration, the door itself has decorative panels

A cornice is a decorative strip at the area where the roof and the wall meet. Georgian homes usually have a cornice if tooth-like molding

Central chimney at the end of each house Contrasting materials are often used, red

brick with white wood trim, other materials are often common

Georgian Style Home

                                                                                                          

                                                                                  

Georgian Style Door

                                           

Georgian Period Cont’d

Georgian Style Inside Molded ceiling covered wood beams Wood paneling or wall paper Ornate rectangular fireplace topped with

mantel usually the focal point of the room Usually built around a central hall with a wide

staircase The Georgian style was applied to row

houses-a continuous line of 2 or 3 story houses that share a common wall with houses on either side

Row Houses

The Federal Period

In 1770’s the American attitude changed toward England

The colonist won the Revolutionary War Ties to England were broken There was a sense of renewed

patriotism They sought a new style that showed

their new freedom and independence

The Federal Period

Named in honor of the new federal government of the United States

Adam Style Named in honor of English architects

Robert and James Adam- two brothers who took the Georgian style and added touches of Greece and Rome

The Federal Period Cont’d

Adam Style Home Characteristics Rectangular design with one or more

stories Some homes have a center section with

wings on either end Gable roof- slopes of the roof generally

face the front and the back of the house A cornice extends across the front and

the back of the house at the roofline

The Federal Period Cont’d

Adam Style Characteristics Windows were symmetrical with many

panes They added a fanlight , an

semicircular, round, or oval window with fan-shaped panes of glass over the door or in the pediment

Plasters and woodcarvings in classical designs on the walls and ceilings

The Adam Style Home

Adam Style Interior

                                                                                

                                          

                                                                                

                                          

                                                                                

                                        

Adam Style Fanlight

The Federal Period Cont’d

Early Classical Revival Style Designs inspired by ancient Rome They were led by Thomas Jefferson Styles developed by Jefferson were

known as “Early Classical Revival” This style was used for government

buildings and row houses Similar to the Adam Style in many ways

The Federal Period Cont’d

Early Classical Revival Characteristics Rectangular building with symmetrical

windows Fanlights Portico – a tall open porch, supported

by columns over the front entrance Portico is topped by a rectangular

pediment

Early Classical Revival