chapter 6 end of lesson 3: wilson, war & peace united states history ms. girbal monday, january...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6
END OF Lesson 3:
Wilson, War & Peace
United States History
Ms. Girbal
Monday, January 26, 2015
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In early 1919, President Wilson traveled to Versailles, France for a peace conference.
• He met with European leaders and presented a plan for peace based on his Fourteen Points.
• Wilson’s vision of a postwar world was grounded in the idea of “peace without victory.”
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Wilson’s Fourteen Points made specific proposals to promote future peace.
• Practice open diplomacy.
• Allow freedom of the seas.
• Encourage free trade.• Reduce arms
stockpiles.
• Scale back colonialism.
• Encourage self-determination of nations.
• Establish a League of Nations.
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Allied leaders at Versailles wanted reparations.
• European leaders did not share Wilson’s vision of peace without victory.
• They wanted Germany to pay for war damages.
• They also wanted to protect European colonialism and expand their countries’ territories.
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One by one, Wilson’s Fourteen Points were rejected, leaving only the League of Nations.
• The League of Nations was an organization where countries could come together to resolve disputes peacefully.
• Wilson’s proposal to create a League of Nations was added to the Treaty of Versailles.
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The Treaty of Versailles redrew the map of Europe and broke up the Ottoman Empire.
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Wilson returned to face a hostile Senate, where two groups opposed the treaty.
• The “irreconcilables” were isolationists who opposed the League of Nations.
• The “reservationists,” led by Henry Cabot Lodge, opposed the treaty as written but were willing to negotiate changes.
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Wilson was unwilling to compromise on the treaty.
• On a speaking tour to promote the League of Nations in September 1919, Wilson became ill and suffered a stroke.
• As he lay near death, the Senate voted, refusing to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
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Chapter 6- Lesson 4
Effects of the War
United States History
Ms. Girbal
Monday, January 26, 2015
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• Describe the problems Americans faced immediately after the war.
• Analyze how these problems contributed to the Red Scare.
• Understand how the war changed America’s role in world affairs.
Objectives
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The transition to peace was made more difficult by a deadly influenza pandemic that began in 1918.
The flu killed 550,000 Americans and more than 50 million people around the world.
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Economic troubles also caused problems in the United States.
• A recession, or economic slowdown, occurred after the war.
• Many women and African Americans lost their jobs to returning soldiers.
• Tension over jobs and housing led to race riots in some cities.
• Scarcity of consumer goods and high demand caused inflation, or rising prices.
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Because rising prices made it harder to make ends meet, inflation caused labor unrest.
• Many unions went on strike for higher pay and shorter workdays.
• In 1919, more than 4 million workers went on strike.
• The workers succeeded in some strikes, but lost far more. Some strikes turned violent.
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Several events
(revolutionary
activity abroad
and strikes in
US) created the
first Red Scare in
the United
States.
• Violent strikes
• The emergence of the Soviet Union as a communist country
• A series of mail bombs targeting industrialists and government officials
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One mail bomb was sent to Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, who launched the Palmer Raids in 1920.
• Police arrested thousands of people.
• Some were radicals; others were simply immigrants.
• Hundreds of people were deported without a trial.
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) formed in 1920 to protect people’s rights and liberties.
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Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants and anarchists charged with murder committed during a robbery in Massachusetts.
• Witnesses claimed the robbers “looked Italian.”
• Despite little real evidence against them, Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted and executed.
Many scholars and politicians believed that the men died because of their nationality and political beliefs.
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In the 1920 presidential election, Republican Warren G. Harding based his campaign on a call for “normalcy,” a return to a simpler time.
• Voters rejected President Wilson’s idealism.
• Harding won the election in a landslide.
• Republicans also won control of Congress.
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After World War I, a new world order emerged.
• The German and Russian monarchies were replaced by new forms of government.
• The Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires were broken up.
• The United States became the world’s economic center and largest creditor nation.