chapter 6. control structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make...

16
DECISIONS AND REPETITIONS Chapter 6

Upload: caren-edwards

Post on 05-Jan-2016

215 views

Category:

Documents


3 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

DECISIONS AND REPETITIONS

Chapter 6

Page 2: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence of statements either as long as or until a certain condition is true.

    For…Next Loop is referred to as a

counter-controlled loop

Page 3: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

WHAT IS A COUNTER?

A counter is a numeric variable.   How is the counter used in the for..next

loop? The counter is initialized or assigned an

initial value. The value of the counter either increases or decreases after each pass through the loop.

Page 4: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

SYNTAX: SYNTAX #1 for( j= a; j<= b; j++) { Statement(s);}

SYNTAX #2 for( j= a; j>= b; j--) { Statement(s);}

j is the counter

Statement(s) execute as long as j is lesser than or equal to b

j is increased by 1 in every execution

j decrements by 1 in every execution

Page 5: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

Where: j = the loop variable and a = the initial value of the loop variable.

J is initially assigned the value a. Next, the loop test if j is less than or equal to b when S is positive or if j is greater than or equal to b when S is negative. If so, the program executes the statements, replaces the value of j with the value j+s, and repeats the test.

This process continues until the test fails, at which time the program exits the loop and execute the statement after the loop.

Page 6: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

DO LOOP

Page 7: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

DO...WHILE LOOP The condition must be true in order for the test

to be passed. Syntax:

do{Statements/s;}while(condition);

Example:do{

cout<<"Enter character:"; cin>>x; }while(x!='x');

Cout and cin executes as long as x is not equal to ‘x’

Page 8: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

WHILE LOOP The condition must be true in order for the test to

be passed. Syntax:

while(condition){Statements/s;

}

Example:while(x!='x'){

cout<<"Enter character:"; cin>>x; }

Cout and cin executes as long as x is not equal to ‘x’

Page 9: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

MORE EXAMPLES ON DO AND WHILE LOOP

EXAMPLES:   int J = 0; do{ cout<< J; J = J + 1; }while( J <= 4);   int J = 0; while(J<=4) { cout<< J; J = J + 1; }  

Page 10: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

PROBLEMS:

1) Draw a flowchart to read in and print 5 numbers

Page 11: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

2. Draw a flowchart to sum numbers 1 to 5.

Page 12: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

1. Given the following input 10, 12, -5, -6, 5, trace the output.

Page 13: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

SEATWORK Draw a flowchart to find the largest of

three numbers A, B and C.start

Read A, B, C

IS B>C

?

IS A>B

?

IS A>C

?

Print B Print C Print A

end

No

Yes

Yes Yes

No

Print C

Page 14: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

THE PROGRAM #include<iostream>

using namespace std; int main() { int A, B, C; cout<<"Enter 1st #:"; cin>>A; cout<<"Enter 2nd #:"; cin>>B; cout<<"Enter 3rd #:"; cin>>C; if(A>B) { if(A>C)

cout<<"Highest is

"<<A<<endl; else cout<<"HIghest is

"<<C<<endl; } else{ if(B>C) cout<<"Highest is

"<<B<<endl; else cout<<"Highest is

"<<C<<endl; } system("PAUSE"); return 0; }

Page 15: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

Draw a flowchart for computing factorial N(N!) Where N! = 1 x 2 x 3...N

start

Read N

M=1F=1

F=F*M

Is M = N?

M=M+1

Print F end

No

Yes

Page 16: Chapter 6.  Control Structures are statements that are used to perform repetitive tasks and to make decisions within a program. Loop repeats a sequence

#include<iostream>

using namespace std; int main() { int N,F,M; M=F=1; cout<<"Enter #:"; cin>>N; for(M=1; M<=N; M++){ F=F*M; if(M==N)cout<<F<<endl; } system("PAUSE"); return 0; }