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Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling

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Page 1: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Chapter 6ATP and Energy Coupling

http://www.mediaresource.org/instruct.htm
Page 2: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

G 0 G 0

Equilibrium = Death

At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state of maximum stability.

A process is spontaneous and can perform work only when it is moving toward equilibrium.

Reactants

ProductsEnergy

Progress of the reactionF

ree

en

erg

y

Exergonic reaction

Page 3: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

G 0 G 0

G 0

Food, or some other energy source like the sun.

Exergonic Endergonic

Cells are not in equilibrium; they are open systems experiencing a constant flow of materials.

Page 4: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Exergonic Endergonic

Page 5: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Figure 6.8a

(a) The structure of ATP

Phosphate groups

Adenine

Ribose

Page 6: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Figure 6.8b

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

The hydrolysis of ATP

Energy

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)Inorganic

phosphate

Page 7: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

How the Hydrolysis of ATP Performs Work

• The three types of cellular work (mechanical, transport, and chemical) are powered by the hydrolysis of ATP.

• In the cell, the energy from the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive an endergonic reaction.

• Overall, the coupled reactions are exergonic.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Page 8: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Glutamic acid

GGlu 3.4 kcal/mol

GlutamineAmmonia

• Will this reaction happen spontaneously? – No

• Is this reaction catabolic or anabolic?– Anabolic

• Is this reaction exergonic or endergonic?– Endergonic

Page 9: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Glutamic acid Phosphorylatedintermediate

ATP drives endergonic reactions by phosphorylation, transferring a phosphate group to some other molecule, such as a reactant.

GlutaminePhosphorylatedintermediate

Page 10: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Figure 6.9c

(c) Free-energy change for coupled reaction

GGlu 3.4 kcal/mol

GATP −7.3 kcal/mol GGlu 3.4 kcal/mol

GATP −7.3 kcal/mol

G −3.9 kcal/mol Net

Page 11: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Figure 6.10

(a) Transport work: ATP phosphorylates transport proteins.

Transport protein

Solute transported

Solute

(a) Transport work: ATP phosphorylates transport proteins.

(b) Mechanical work: ATP binds noncovalently to motor proteinsand then is hydrolyzed.

Transport protein

Solute transported

Solute

Motor protein

Vesicle Cytoskeletal track

Protein andvesicle moved

Page 12: Chapter 6 ATP and Energy Coupling. G 0 G 0 Equilibrium = Death At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; it is a state

Figure 6.11

Energy fromcatabolism(exergonic, energy-releasing processes)

Energy for cellularwork (endergonic, energy-consuming processes)


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