Chapter 6Chapter 6

Ancient Ancient GreeceGreece

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

I. Geographic SettingI. Geographic Setting–A. Peninsula – area A. Peninsula – area of land surrounded of land surrounded by water on three by water on three sidessides

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–B. Landforms B. Landforms mostly mountainsmostly mountains1. only small 1. only small patches of patches of farmlandfarmland

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–C. Was difficult C. Was difficult for communities to for communities to get together due get together due to geographyto geography

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

1. Each had its 1. Each had its own customs and own customs and way of lifeway of life

2. Much fighting 2. Much fighting amongst Greeksamongst Greeks

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

II. Greek BeginningsII. Greek Beginnings–A. Had many A. Had many stories that stories that explained origins of explained origins of thingsthings

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–B. Trojan WarB. Trojan War1. war between 1. war between Greece and city of TroyGreece and city of Troy

2. many stories came 2. many stories came aboutabout

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

3. Epic – a long poem 3. Epic – a long poem that tells a storythat tells a story–a. ex: the Odyssey a. ex: the Odyssey and the Iliad by and the Iliad by HomerHomer

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–b. epics taught b. epics taught about gods and about gods and heroesheroes

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–C. The Dark AgesC. The Dark Ages1. Lasted from early 1. Lasted from early 1100s B.C. to 750 B.C.1100s B.C. to 750 B.C.

2. Civilization 2. Civilization collapsedcollapsed

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

3. Little trade 3. Little trade and much povertyand much poverty

4. Art of writing 4. Art of writing disappeareddisappeared

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

5. Depended on 5. Depended on oral traditions to oral traditions to keep traditions keep traditions and history aliveand history alive

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

6. Not all bad6. Not all bad–a. families a. families resettled where resettled where they could grow they could grow cropscrops

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–b. acropolis – a b. acropolis – a high, rocky hill high, rocky hill on or near which on or near which early people early people built citiesbuilt cities

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

III. Governing the III. Governing the City-StatesCity-States–A. Cities began to A. Cities began to developdevelop

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

1. City states – a city 1. City states – a city with its own traditions with its own traditions and its own government and its own government and laws; both a city and laws; both a city and a separate and a separate independent stateindependent state

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–B. AristocracyB. Aristocracy1. Most city-states 1. Most city-states ruled by aristocratsruled by aristocrats–a. a member of a rich a. a member of a rich and powerful familyand powerful family

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–C. A new type of C. A new type of rulerrulera. Middle class a. Middle class develops and develops and growsgrows

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

b. Replaced b. Replaced rulers with rulers with tyrantstyrants

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–1. Tyrant - A ruler who 1. Tyrant - A ruler who takes power with the takes power with the support of the middle support of the middle and working classesand working classes

–2. not necessarily 2. not necessarily cruel or violentcruel or violent

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–D. DemocracyD. Democracy1. People 1. People overthrew harsh overthrew harsh tyrantstyrants

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

2. Democracy – a 2. Democracy – a form of government form of government in which the people in which the people govern themselvesgovern themselves

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

3. Solon 3. Solon reformed lawsreformed laws–a. known for his a. known for his fairnessfairness

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–b. laws reformed b. laws reformed economy and economy and governmentgovernment

–c. became more c. became more democraticdemocratic

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

4. Not all 4. Not all benefited benefited –a. 1 in 5 a. 1 in 5 Athenians were Athenians were citizenscitizens

The Rise of Greek CivilizationThe Rise of Greek Civilization

–b. slaves, b. slaves, women, and women, and foreigners didn’t foreigners didn’t take parttake part

Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Greek Religion, Philosophy, and LiteratureLiterature

I. The Golden AgeI. The Golden Age–A. Lasted from 479 A. Lasted from 479 to 431 B.C.to 431 B.C.

–B. Athens grew rich B. Athens grew rich from trade, mining from trade, mining

Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Greek Religion, Philosophy, and LiteratureLiterature

–C. Tribute – a C. Tribute – a payment made by payment made by a less powerful a less powerful state or nation to a state or nation to a more powerful onemore powerful one

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

–D. Pericles – Athenian D. Pericles – Athenian leader who contributed leader who contributed to the development of to the development of democracy and democracy and architecturearchitecture

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

1. from an aristocratic 1. from an aristocratic familyfamily

2. most powerful man 2. most powerful man in politicsin politics

3. supported 3. supported democracydemocracy

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

II. The Flourishing II. The Flourishing ArtsArts–A. Pericles rebuilt A. Pericles rebuilt the Acropolisthe Acropolis

–B. ArchitectureB. Architecture

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

1. Parthenon – a 1. Parthenon – a temple dedicated temple dedicated to the goddess to the goddess AthenaAthena

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

–a. full of actiona. full of action–b. show balance b. show balance and orderand order

–c. lifelike and c. lifelike and accurateaccurate

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

III. KnowledgeIII. Knowledge–A. Belief in godsA. Belief in gods–B. Immortal – B. Immortal – someone or something someone or something that lives foreverthat lives forever

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

1. 12 gods led 1. 12 gods led by Zeusby Zeus

2. worshiped 2. worshiped many lesser onesmany lesser ones

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

–C. Science and C. Science and PhilosophyPhilosophy1. Philosopher – 1. Philosopher – someone who uses someone who uses reason to understand reason to understand the worldthe world

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

–a. used reason to a. used reason to explain natural explain natural eventsevents

–b. went against b. went against religion and religion and teachings of godsteachings of gods

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

2. Socrates – 2. Socrates – One of the One of the greatest greatest philosophersphilosophers

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

–a. frightened a. frightened many - was many - was sentenced to sentenced to deathdeath

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

–D. Greek DramaD. Greek Drama1. Athenians 1. Athenians were first to were first to write dramaswrite dramas

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

2. tragedy – a 2. tragedy – a serious drama serious drama that ends in that ends in disaster for the disaster for the main charactermain character

Greek Religion, Philosophy and Greek Religion, Philosophy and LiteratureLiterature

3. comedy – a 3. comedy – a type of theater that type of theater that made fun of made fun of citizens, politicians, citizens, politicians, and traditionsand traditions

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

Agora – a public Agora – a public market and market and meeting place in meeting place in Ancient Greece.Ancient Greece.

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

I. Greek MenI. Greek Men–A. Had the rights A. Had the rights of citizens such as of citizens such as voting and holding voting and holding officeoffice

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–B. Owned B. Owned propertyproperty

–C. Were given an C. Were given an educationeducation

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

II. Greek WomenII. Greek Women–A. Expected to A. Expected to stay at homestay at home

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–B. Could not take B. Could not take part in politicspart in politics

–C. Could not voteC. Could not vote

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–D. Could not own D. Could not own propertyproperty

–E. Could be E. Could be priestesses in priestesses in religious groupsreligious groups

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–F. Ran the home F. Ran the home and familyand family

–G. Kept track of G. Kept track of the family financesthe family finances

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–H. Were H. Were responsible for responsible for training and training and caring for slavescaring for slaves

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

III. SlavesIII. Slaves–A. About 1/3 of A. About 1/3 of the population the population were slaveswere slaves

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–B. Captured by B. Captured by armies, by armies, by pirates, or pirates, or children of slaveschildren of slaves

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–C. Were foreigners C. Were foreigners – Greeks – Greeks uncomfortable uncomfortable owning other owning other GreeksGreeks

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–D. Worked on D. Worked on farms, in mines, farms, in mines, for artisans, and for artisans, and in the householdin the household

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

IV. HomesIV. Homes–A. made of mud A. made of mud bricks and had bricks and had courtyardscourtyards

Daily Life of the Ancient GreeksDaily Life of the Ancient Greeks

–B. Water had to be B. Water had to be carried from a public carried from a public fountainfountain

–C. Ate mostly breads C. Ate mostly breads and only meat during and only meat during festivalsfestivals

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

I. DefinitionsI. Definitions

A. Blockage - the cutting A. Blockage - the cutting off of an area by enemy off of an area by enemy forces that closes it to forces that closes it to travel and tradetravel and trade

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

B. Plague – a widespread B. Plague – a widespread diseasedisease

C. Helot – a slave in C. Helot – a slave in SpartaSparta

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

D. Sparta – a city-state in D. Sparta – a city-state in southern Greece that was southern Greece that was dedicated to wardedicated to war

E. Persia – a large empire that E. Persia – a large empire that tried to conquer Greece but was tried to conquer Greece but was defeateddefeated

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

F. Marathon – the site of a F. Marathon – the site of a famous battle in which the famous battle in which the Greeks defeated the PersiansGreeks defeated the Persians

G. Pericles – died from the G. Pericles – died from the plague in 429 B.C.plague in 429 B.C.

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

II. Life in SpartaII. Life in Sparta

–A. Put Sparta’s needs first – A. Put Sparta’s needs first – not your ownnot your own

–B. Harsh and cruel lifeB. Harsh and cruel life

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

–C. Training for war – C. Training for war – skilled warriorsskilled warriors

–D. Sparta lacked beauty D. Sparta lacked beauty and pleasures of Athensand pleasures of Athens

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

III. Persian InvasionIII. Persian Invasion

– A. Persians invaded GreeceA. Persians invaded Greece

– B. Athenians defeated Persians B. Athenians defeated Persians (Battle of Marathon)(Battle of Marathon)

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

IV. Athenian EmpireIV. Athenian Empire

–A. Treated other city-states A. Treated other city-states unfairlyunfairly

–B. Used tributes for Athens; B. Used tributes for Athens; not for protectionnot for protection

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

–C. Sparta and Athens C. Sparta and Athens fought (Peloponnesian War)fought (Peloponnesian War)

–D. Athens struck by plagueD. Athens struck by plague

Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

–E. Sparta staged E. Sparta staged blockadeblockade

–F. Athens defeatedF. Athens defeated

The Spread of Greek CultureThe Spread of Greek Culture

I. DefinitionsI. Definitions

–A. Assassinate – to murder A. Assassinate – to murder for political reasonsfor political reasons

The Spread of Greek CultureThe Spread of Greek Culture

– B. Barbarian – a person B. Barbarian – a person considered to be wild and considered to be wild and uncivilizeduncivilized

– C. Alexandria – learning capital C. Alexandria – learning capital of the Greek world; had the of the Greek world; had the largest librarylargest library

The Spread of Greek CultureThe Spread of Greek Culture

–D. Hellenistic – describing D. Hellenistic – describing Greek culture after the Greek culture after the death of Alexander the death of Alexander the Great; includes the 3 main Great; includes the 3 main kingdoms formed by the kingdoms formed by the breakup of Alexander’s breakup of Alexander’s empireempire

The Spread of Greek CultureThe Spread of Greek Culture

–E. Alexander the GreatE. Alexander the Great – – son of King Philipson of King Philip - conquered Persia - conquered Persia

and Egypt and and Egypt and invaded invaded IndiaIndia

- spread Hellenism- spread Hellenism

The Spread of Greek CultureThe Spread of Greek Culture

–F. King PhilipF. King Philip–King of MacedoniaKing of Macedonia–Seized power in 359 B.C.Seized power in 359 B.C.–Conquered the Greek Conquered the Greek city-statescity-states

The Spread of Greek CultureThe Spread of Greek Culture

Archimedes - used Archimedes - used levers and pulleys to life levers and pulleys to life heavy objectsheavy objects

The Spread of Greek CultureThe Spread of Greek Culture

Euclid - Euclid - developed developed geometrygeometry

The Spread of Greek CultureThe Spread of Greek Culture

Erastosthenes - Erastosthenes - calculated the calculated the distance around the distance around the earthearth