chapter 5: section 3. identify situations in which conservation of mechanical energy is valid ...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5: Section 3
Identify situations in which conservation of mechanical energy is valid
Recognize the forms that conserved energy can take
Solve problems using conservation of mechanical energy
P4.3A, P4.3B, P4.3e
The motion of many objects often contain a combination of kinetic and potential energy◦At the highest point of a swinging pendulum
there is only gravitational potential energy◦At other points, the pendulum is in motion, so
it has kinetic energy◦Elastic potential energy is also present in the
many springs that are part of the inner working of the clock
Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy associated with an object or group of objects◦ Mechanical energy is the ability to do work
ME = KE + ΣPEΣ represents the sum gravitational and elastic PE
All energy, such as nuclear, chemical, internal, and electrical, are classified as non-mechanical energy
All forces in physics can be classified as either internal or external◦External forces include the applied
force, normal force, tension force, friction force, and air resistance.
◦Internal forces include gravity, magnetic force, electrical force, and spring force.
In the absence of external forces, mechanical energy is always conserved
When something is conserved, it remains constant◦This does not mean that the quantity cannot change form during that time, A dollar can be 10 dimes, 100 pennies, or 4
nickels A glass can break, but all of the pieces add
up to the same mass of the glass as a whole
In the absence of friction, including air resistance, the total mechanical energy remains constant◦The principle is called conservation of
mechanical energy
½ mvi2 + mghi = ½ mvf
2 + mghf
In the case that there is elastic potential energy the term ½ kx2 would be added in
As an egg falls, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy
If the egg were thrown up in the air, the kinetic energy would be converted into gravitational potential energy
In situations in which frictional forces are present, mechanical energy conservation no longer holds because kinetic energy is not simply converted to potential energy
In the presence of friction, non-mechanical energy is no longer negligible and mechanical energy is no longer conserved◦This does not mean that energy is not
conserved because the total energy is always conserved
When mechanical energy is converted into non-mechanical forms of energy, this energy becomes much more difficult to account for, and the mechanical energy is considered to be lost