Chapter 5, Objective 11 & 12Chapter 5, Objective 11 & 12

Mikayla TuckerMikayla TuckerKiara GilesKiara Giles02-03-201002-03-2010

AP Psychology, 7AP Psychology, 7thth Period Period

Objective 11Objective 11The Stimulus Input: Sound WavesThe Stimulus Input: Sound Waves

Sound waves are bands of compressed Sound waves are bands of compressed and expanded air. and expanded air.

Our ears detect changes in air pressure Our ears detect changes in air pressure and transform them into neural impulses, and transform them into neural impulses, which the brain decodes as sound. which the brain decodes as sound.

Sound waves vary in frequency and Sound waves vary in frequency and amplitude, which we perceive as the amplitude, which we perceive as the differences in pitch and loudness. differences in pitch and loudness.

Objective 11Objective 11The Stimulus Input: Sound WavesThe Stimulus Input: Sound Waves

When exposed to loud, low bass sound we When exposed to loud, low bass sound we can feel the vibration, and hear by both air can feel the vibration, and hear by both air and bone conduction. and bone conduction.

The strength, or amplitude, of sound The strength, or amplitude, of sound waves determines their loudness. waves determines their loudness.

Sound waves vary in frequency (length) Sound waves vary in frequency (length) which is the number of complete waves which is the number of complete waves lengths that pass a point in a given time. lengths that pass a point in a given time.

Objective 11Objective 11The Stimulus Input: Sound WavesThe Stimulus Input: Sound Waves

Frequency determines the pitch which is a Frequency determines the pitch which is a tone’s experienced highness or lowness.tone’s experienced highness or lowness.

Long waves have low frequency and a low Long waves have low frequency and a low pitch. pitch.

Short waves have high frequency and a Short waves have high frequency and a high pitch. high pitch.

Decibels are the measuring unit for sound Decibels are the measuring unit for sound energy.energy.

Objective 12Objective 12The EarThe Ear

The outer ear is the visible portion of the The outer ear is the visible portion of the ear. ear.

The middle ear is the chamber between The middle ear is the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea. the eardrum and cochlea.

The inner ear is consists of the cochlea, The inner ear is consists of the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs. semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.

Objective 12Objective 12The EarThe Ear

Sound waves traveling through the auditory Sound waves traveling through the auditory canal cause minuscule vibrations in the canal cause minuscule vibrations in the eardrum.eardrum.

The bones of the middle ear amplify the The bones of the middle ear amplify the vibrations and relay them to the fluid-filled vibrations and relay them to the fluid-filled cochlea.cochlea.

Pressure causes rippling of the cochlear fluid Pressure causes rippling of the cochlear fluid which changes in cochlear fluid, causes which changes in cochlear fluid, causes movement of the tiny hair cells, triggering neural movement of the tiny hair cells, triggering neural messages to be sent to the auditory cortex in the messages to be sent to the auditory cortex in the brain.brain.

Objective 12Objective 12The EarThe Ear

The outer ear channels the sound waves The outer ear channels the sound waves through the auditory canal to the eardrum.through the auditory canal to the eardrum.

The middle ear then transmits the The middle ear then transmits the eardrum’s vibrations through a piston eardrum’s vibrations through a piston made of three tiny bones to the cochlea made of three tiny bones to the cochlea which is a snail-shaped tube in the inner which is a snail-shaped tube in the inner ear.ear.