Chapter 5 Lesson 2

“Struggle For Freedom”p. 148-151

EQ: Why did increased tensions between the North and the South lead to war?

Vocabulary Preview Abolitionist: someone who joined the

movement to abolish (or end )slavery

Discrimination: unfair treatment of particular groups

Underground Railroad: a series of escape routes and hiding places to bring slaves out of the South

Build on what you know Think about how important freedom is

to you. In the early 1800s, not all people in the

United States were free. Many lived in slavery and struggled to

win freedom, with help from the antislavery movement.

Antislavery Movement People couldn’t agree on the issue of

slavery. Some felt that slavery was needed to

grow cash crops (like cotton & tobacco). As cotton farming spread in the South,

they wanted slavery to spread too. Other people felt it was wrong to

enslave people.

Antislavery Movement

People who wanted to abolish slavery, were called abolitionists.

Most people thought slavery went against their religion.

Abolitionists included people from both the North and South (included: men, women, whites, and free blacks).

They wrote pamphlets and traveled across the country to speak against slavery.

Primary Source

Some enslaved people had to wear tags to tell what they did and where they lived. What state is stamped on these tags?

Leading AbolitionistsW

illia

m L

loyd

Garr

ison “I will not

retreat a single inch-AND I WILL BE HEARD”

Fredri

ck D

ougla

ss After escaping to the North, Douglass raised enough money to buy his freedom.

Sojo

urn

er

Truth When she

preached against slavery, she attracted large crowds.

1831: William Lloyd Garrison began printing an antislavery newspaper called “The Liberator”. He demanded that all enslaved people be free

Fredrick Douglass: was a black abolitionists. He had escaped from slavery. He was a writer and spoke to white audiences about slavery.

Sojourner Truth: born into slavery. Truth spoke in favor or abolition and women’s rights.

Fredrick Douglass Sojourner Truth

William Lloyd Garrison

ABOLITIONISTS

Free Blacks in the South By 1860, about 500,000 free black lived

in the US. About half lived in the North, half in the South.

Free blacks often faced discrimination: unfair treatment of particular groups.

State laws limited the rights of free blacks (ex. Couldn’t travel without permission)

Free Blacks in the North African Americans in the North also faced

discrimination. However, they could travel freely, organize groups, and publish newspapers.

These rights made it possible for free blacks to work openly about slavery.

Free blacks joined whites in creating the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833.

This group fought for the end of slavery. Many free blacks gave money to the group.

Table Talk When did the abolitionist movement

grow quickly? In the 1830s and 1840s

What did William Lloyd Garrison do in 1831?Printed the Liberator, an antislavery newspaper

BarefootBarefoot: Escape on the Underground Railroad by: Pamela Duncan Edwards

Underground RailroadTurn to page 150

Underground Railroad Abolitionists worked in secret to help

slaves escape to freedom. They set up a system called the Underground Railroad: a series of escape routes and hiding places to bring slaves out of the South.

Runaway, the people who fled slavery, could head to the NORTH and CANADA, or go south to FLORIDA or the CARRIBEAN.

Runaways walked at night. They hid in carts driven by members of the Railroad.

Stations and Conductors Free blacks gave most of the money

because they did most of the work to support the railroad.

Members gave food, clothing, and medical aids to runaways. They hid them until it was safe to move on.

Hiding places were known as “stations”. “Conductors” guided runaways on to the

next station.

Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman was the most famous

conductor, who escaped from slavery in Maryland.

She then returned 19 times to lead others to freedom.

Each time, she risked being caught and enslaved again. Tubman helped about 300 people escape to the North.

She became a symbol of the abolitionist movement.

What does this quote mean to you?

“Follow the Drinking Gourd”

Now that you listened to the song, what do you think this quote means now?

Underground Railroad VIDEO http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=underground+railroad&N=18340&N=18341

Interactive activity with the railroadhttp://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/multimedia/interactive/the-underground-railroad/?ar_a=1