Chapter 5: LanguageChapter 5: Language

Section 5-1Section 5-1

Language QuizLanguage Quiz

1)1) How many distinct languages are in How many distinct languages are in the world today?the world today?

A) about 100A) about 100

B) between 500 – 1000B) between 500 – 1000

C) between 2000 – 4000C) between 2000 – 4000

D) over 10,000D) over 10,000

2) How many languages are spoken 2) How many languages are spoken by at least 100 million people?by at least 100 million people?

A) 5A) 5

B) 10B) 10

C) 25C) 25

D) about 100D) about 100

3) All of the following are spoken by 3) All of the following are spoken by more than 100 million people more than 100 million people EXCEPT:EXCEPT:

– A) ArabicA) Arabic– B) HindiB) Hindi– C) DutchC) Dutch– D) PortugueseD) Portuguese

4) About how many languages are 4) About how many languages are spoken by at least 2 million people?spoken by at least 2 million people?

A) 170A) 170 B) 200B) 200 C) 220C) 220 D) 250D) 250

5) How many distinct languages have 5) How many distinct languages have been documented in Africa?been documented in Africa?

– A) 18A) 18– B) 50B) 50– C) 100C) 100– D) 1000D) 1000

6) Which language is the most used 6) Which language is the most used in the world?in the world?

A) CantoneseA) Cantonese B) HindiB) Hindi C) EnglishC) English D) MandarinD) Mandarin

7) How many “official” languages are 7) How many “official” languages are recognized in India’s constitution?recognized in India’s constitution?

A) 1A) 1

B) 3B) 3

C) 10C) 10

D) 18D) 18

8) In which of the following countries 8) In which of the following countries do students typically learn the LEAST do students typically learn the LEAST number of languages?number of languages?

– A) JapanA) Japan– B) The NetherlandsB) The Netherlands– C) United StatesC) United States– D) GermanyD) Germany

9) How many official languages are 9) How many official languages are listed in the U.S. constitution?listed in the U.S. constitution?

– A) 0A) 0– B) 1B) 1– C) 2C) 2– D) 18D) 18

10) How many countries have 10) How many countries have English as the predominant language English as the predominant language or at least one of their official or at least one of their official languages?languages?

A) 7A) 7

B) 15B) 15

C) 42C) 42

D) 108D) 108

Starting Points:Starting Points:

1 – Language is a system of 1 – Language is a system of communication through a collection communication through a collection of sounds.of sounds.

2 – Not all languages have a literary 2 – Not all languages have a literary tradition (written)tradition (written)

3 – Countries usually have at least 1 3 – Countries usually have at least 1 “official” language, usually “official” language, usually understood by most of its citizens.understood by most of its citizens.

4 – Language is part of a culture’s 4 – Language is part of a culture’s VALUE system.VALUE system.

5 – Language moves by migration -5 – Language moves by migration -can help trace migration patterns of can help trace migration patterns of the distant past.the distant past.

Key Issue 1: Where are English-Key Issue 1: Where are English-Language Speakers Distributed?Language Speakers Distributed?

I. Origin of EnglishI. Origin of EnglishA) Germanic A) Germanic

(Angles & Saxons)(Angles & Saxons)B) Norman InvasionB) Norman InvasionC) Over TimeC) Over Time

Match the following terms to your notes above: Hierarchical Diffusion Isolation Relocation Diffusion

II. Diffusion of EnglishII. Diffusion of English

A) English Colonies A) English Colonies

Former English ColoniesFormer English Colonies

B) United StatesB) United States

1) Military 1) Military 2) Economics2) Economics

III. Dialects of EnglishIII. Dialects of English

A) Dialect – Definition: regional A) Dialect – Definition: regional variation of a languagevariation of a language

– VocabularyVocabulary– PronunciationPronunciation– Easily UnderstoodEasily Understood

B) MigrationB) Migration C) Variation of DialectsC) Variation of Dialects

– 1) British Received Pronunciation1) British Received Pronunciation– 2) UK today (north, south, midland)2) UK today (north, south, midland)

IV. Differences Between British and IV. Differences Between British and American EnglishAmerican English

A) Early MigrantsA) Early Migrants B) Other ImmigrantsB) Other Immigrants C) IsolationC) Isolation

D) US English differs from England D) US English differs from England in 3 main ways:in 3 main ways:

1 – Vocabulary1 – Vocabulary

2 – Spelling (Noah Webster)2 – Spelling (Noah Webster)

3) Pronunciation3) PronunciationWhich are “chips”?

Depends on whichSide of the Atlantic you’re on!

V. Dialects in the United StatesV. Dialects in the United States

A) Settlement in the EastA) Settlement in the East 1) Southeastern colonies (Virginia)1) Southeastern colonies (Virginia)

2) Middle Atlantic colonies (Pennsylvania)2) Middle Atlantic colonies (Pennsylvania) 3) New England (Massachusetts)3) New England (Massachusetts)

B) Current Dialect B) Current Dialect DifferencesDifferences

1) isogloss (vocabulary)1) isogloss (vocabulary)2) isogloss (pronunciation)2) isogloss (pronunciation)3) Mid-Atlantic3) Mid-Atlantic4) Americans are “mobile”4) Americans are “mobile”

The End!

Oh,@#*&%$!