Chapter 5 Justice and Chapter 5 Justice and PrejudicePrejudice

I Real Life PrejudiceI Real Life PrejudiceA. PrejudiceA. Prejudice

1. from Latin – prejudgment based on 1. from Latin – prejudgment based on insufficient insufficient informationinformation

2. can be favorable or unfavorable2. can be favorable or unfavorable‘‘ 3. not based on actual fact3. not based on actual fact

4. involves feelings4. involves feelings5. Positive5. Positive

a. judging another because of a family a. judging another because of a family membermember

b. need to be carefulb. need to be careful6. Negative6. Negative

a. hate something you never trieda. hate something you never triedb. inflexible and negatively judgmental b. inflexible and negatively judgmental

about about peoplepeople

B. Negative PrejudiceB. Negative Prejudice1. infects people like a virus1. infects people like a virus2. result of original sin2. result of original sin3. by itself is sinful3. by itself is sinful4. violates the virtue of justice4. violates the virtue of justice5. 3 conditions that make it wrong5. 3 conditions that make it wrong

a. prejudice is wrong when it threatens a. prejudice is wrong when it threatens the rights of people or denies the rights of people or denies

them their them their just duejust dueb. when it is illogical or stereotypicalb. when it is illogical or stereotypical

1) stereotype – oversimplified 1) stereotype – oversimplified generalizations about generalizations about

some aspect some aspect of realityof reality2) example – blonds, jocks, nerds, 2) example – blonds, jocks, nerds,

etc.etc.c. when it resists new information c. when it resists new information

6. example of a negative prejudice6. example of a negative prejudicea. a person with a homosexual orientation a. a person with a homosexual orientation often stereotyped in a degrading way often stereotyped in a degrading way b. often the object of scorn, hatred, b. often the object of scorn, hatred,

discriminationdiscriminationc. ignorance is probably the most c. ignorance is probably the most

predominant factor predominant factor d. science – no one chooses to have a d. science – no one chooses to have a

homosexual homosexual orientation – nature or nurture?orientation – nature or nurture?e. the orientation is not sinfule. the orientation is not sinfulf. the activity is because it is contrary to f. the activity is because it is contrary to

God’s God’s intention for male – female bondingintention for male – female bondingg. every human being deserves respect as a g. every human being deserves respect as a

child of child of GodGodh. the fundamental rights of homosexual h. the fundamental rights of homosexual

persons must persons must be defendedbe defendedi. bigots are truly prejudiced people who out i. bigots are truly prejudiced people who out

of pride of pride and stubbornness hold on to their and stubbornness hold on to their beliefs contrary to beliefs contrary to the evidencethe evidence

II. Stages of PrejudiceII. Stages of PrejudiceA. AntilocutionA. Antilocution

1. means speaking against 1. means speaking against 2. ethnic jokes often considered a mild form2. ethnic jokes often considered a mild form3. jokes can be vicious, cruel, degrading to 3. jokes can be vicious, cruel, degrading to the groupthe group4.examples – calling someone a fag or a 4.examples – calling someone a fag or a dyke,wopdyke,wop5. it can be mild but always demeaning and 5. it can be mild but always demeaning and un-Christianun-Christian6. root it out of our language and vocabulary 6. root it out of our language and vocabulary and challenge our friends who use itand challenge our friends who use it

B. AvoidanceB. Avoidance1. go to extremes to avoid people they dislike1. go to extremes to avoid people they dislike2. makes others feel hurt and humiliated2. makes others feel hurt and humiliated3. often leads to worse – like bullying3. often leads to worse – like bullying

C. DiscriminationC. Discrimination1. harmful actions against disliked 1. harmful actions against disliked persons or groupspersons or groups

2. denies them their fundamental 2. denies them their fundamental human rightshuman rights

a. denying jobs- race, sex, ethnicity, a. denying jobs- race, sex, ethnicity, religion, agereligion, age

b. excluding from neighborhoodsb. excluding from neighborhoods

c. restricting educational and recreational c. restricting educational and recreational activitiesactivities

d. excluding from churches and other d. excluding from churches and other social groupssocial groups

e. segregation in schools, hotels, trains, e. segregation in schools, hotels, trains, buses, restaurantsbuses, restaurants

3. sexism3. sexisma. one sex is superior to the othera. one sex is superior to the other

b. historically men over womenb. historically men over women

c. feminism has been able to challenge patriarchyc. feminism has been able to challenge patriarchy

d. examplesd. examples1) women not treated as well as men1) women not treated as well as men

2) much higher incidence of poverty among households 2) much higher incidence of poverty among households headed by women –“feminization of poverty”headed by women –“feminization of poverty”

3) glass ceiling effect - - being able to advance only so 3) glass ceiling effect - - being able to advance only so farfar

4) wages – 75% of men’s wages4) wages – 75% of men’s wages

5) in some countries – exclusion from the political 5) in some countries – exclusion from the political processprocess

6) in some countries – condemned to most menial labor6) in some countries – condemned to most menial labor

7) assaults, beatings, rape 7) assaults, beatings, rape

4. ageism4. ageisma. discrimination against the elderlya. discrimination against the elderly

b. forced to early retirement due to b. forced to early retirement due to downsizingdownsizing

c. more elderly people will be living in povertyc. more elderly people will be living in poverty

d. poverty rate among elderly – 10.5 % - even d. poverty rate among elderly – 10.5 % - even more among elderly womenmore among elderly women

e. stability of Social Security and Medicare?e. stability of Social Security and Medicare?

f.Legalize euthanasia? Unproductive and f.Legalize euthanasia? Unproductive and burdensomeburdensome

g. Each person has dignity as child of Godg. Each person has dignity as child of God

h. Older people can be a treasure for societyh. Older people can be a treasure for society

i. They deserve a decent home, job, i. They deserve a decent home, job, health care health care

D. Physical AttackD. Physical Attack1. hate crimes1. hate crimes

2. desecrating graveyards, swastikas 2. desecrating graveyards, swastikas on synagogues, spitting on people, on synagogues, spitting on people, vandalismvandalism

3. forcible ejection from nighborhoods, 3. forcible ejection from nighborhoods, gang violencegang violence

4. gay bashing4. gay bashing

5. rape and sexual assault against 5. rape and sexual assault against womenwomen

6. we have right to be free from 6. we have right to be free from violenceviolence

E. ExterminationE. Extermination1. eliminating individual or whole group1. eliminating individual or whole group2. assassinations, lynchings, massacres, terrorism, etnic 2. assassinations, lynchings, massacres, terrorism, etnic cleansingcleansing3. 20 th century- most violent in history3. 20 th century- most violent in history4. example – Holocaust4. example – Holocaust

III. Attempting to explain PrejudiceIII. Attempting to explain PrejudiceA. Why does it exist?A. Why does it exist?

1. serious effect of original sin1. serious effect of original sin2. people too lazy to think2. people too lazy to think3. scapegoats are an easy way to deal with 3. scapegoats are an easy way to deal with

negative negative emotionsemotions4. use it to deal with frustrations istead of 4. use it to deal with frustrations istead of

the real the real sourcesource5. in groups are always right; out groups 5. in groups are always right; out groups

always always wrong and badwrong and bad6. gives people a feeling of superiority6. gives people a feeling of superiority7. it pays both psychologically and 7. it pays both psychologically and

financially financially

B. How do people become prejudicedB. How do people become prejudiced1. no one is born prejudiced1. no one is born prejudiced2. nature vs. nurture2. nature vs. nurture3. factors:3. factors:

a. home is the central school for a. home is the central school for prejudiceprejudice1) passed on by parents1) passed on by parents2) schools, neighborhoods, 2) schools, neighborhoods,

church groups often church groups often reinforcereinforce

b. sexism is a keyb. sexism is a key1) males should have more 1) males should have more

power than girlspower than girls2) girls might stuggle with 2) girls might stuggle with

feeling feeling of inferiorityof inferiority

C. Who are prejudiced?C. Who are prejudiced?1. difficulty with dealing with 1. difficulty with dealing with

ambiguity – ambiguity – either-oreither-or2. have low self esteem – want to feel 2. have low self esteem – want to feel

good good about themselvesabout themselvesD. Overcoming prejudiceD. Overcoming prejudice

1. working with a different group at a 1. working with a different group at a task task on common goalson common goals

2. participating in programs where 2. participating in programs where we put we put self in other’s shoesself in other’s shoes

3. becoming aware of how 3. becoming aware of how inconsistenr it is inconsistenr it is with one’s values and with one’s values and attitudesattitudes

4. establishing laws, regulations, 4. establishing laws, regulations, social social norms that require fair norms that require fair treatment treatment