chapter 5 height of greek civilization
DESCRIPTION
honors world history- height of greek civiTRANSCRIPT
Greek Quest for Beauty and Meaning
Chapter 5-Section 1
Buildings for the GodsParthenon is best example of Greek architecture
Modest, perfectly balanced structure used optical illusions and perspective to appear “perfect”
The Parthenon
Greek ArtsGreeks excelled at depicting the human form
Told stories on storage pots and murals
Glorified the human form in stone statues
Phidias, Myron, Praxiteles are best known sculptors
Famous Sculptors and their Work
Myron
Phidias
Praxiteles
Theatre and DramaPerformed plays twice a year to honor Dionysus
Early plays were tragedies where lead character is doomed to an unhappy ending
Famous tragedians were Sophocles and Euripides
Greeks eventually wrote comedies
OlympicsGreeks emphasized importance of a healthy body
Trade and war stoppedEvents were individual not team
The Greek MindChapter 5-Section 2
Greek ThinkersGreek philosophers lid foundations for history, biology, logic, and poli sci
Sophists rejected Greek traditions and claimed “man was the measure of all things”
SocratesCritic of the sophists and believed in absolute truths
Developed Socratic method Was executed for “corrupting the youth”
Taught Plato, who opened his own school and wrote The Republic
AristotleBelieved one should live moderately
Method of inquiry and classification influenced scientists
Believed that the ideal gov’t was one ruled by the middle class and included parts of a monarchy, aristocracy, & democracy
HistoriansGreeks were first to accurately record history
Herodotus recorded the Persian War
Thucydides recorded the Peloponnesian War
ScienceBelieved world is ruled by natural laws
Studied astronomy, mathematics, and viewed medicine as a science
Alexander’s Empire
Chapter 5-Section 3
MacedoniaLocated North of GreeceDescendants of the DoriansPhilip II conquered the Greek city-states, which were weak from the Peloponnesian War
Philip intended to destroy the Persian Empire, but was killed
Alexander the GreatIn 336, Alexander replaced Philip at the age of 20
Military leader since the age of 16
Well-educated by Aristotle
War with PersiaSought revenge on PersiaSuperior tactics allowed him to defeat the Persians in battle
Liberated many former colonies Established Alexandria in EgyptDeclared himself Persian Emperor
Imperial Ambitions In 327 B.C., Alexander controlled land to the Indus River valley
Soldiers refused to go any farther, many hadn’t been home in over 8 years
Died of malaria in 323 at the age of 33
Alexander’s Long-Term ImpactSpread Greek culture and language throughout the region to create the Hellenistic way of life
Founded over 70 cities
AlexandriaServed as the model Perpendicular, straight streetsLarge harbors and a massive light house boosted economy
First known library and museumScholars came from all over the world
Increased status for women