Chapter 5Chapter 5Canada; Lesson 1 & 2Canada; Lesson 1 & 2

A Resource-RichA Resource-Rich

CountryCountry

Canada

Canada is the 2nd largestcountry in land-area.

Longest undefendedborder in the world! *5,522 miles

1.

2.

Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories.

Inuit and other Native Americanslived here 1000s of years before

European settlers arrived.

About 32 million people live in Canada today.It is home to people from all over the world.

It is multicultural like the U.S.

3.

4.

Newfoundland and LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador

Viking explorers were the first Europeans. A.D. 1000 (left)

Grand Banks, off the coast, is one of the grand

fishing grounds in the world.

Over fishing has forced the government to

regulate fishing there.

5.

MaritimeMaritime Provinces Provinces(near the sea)(near the sea)

Prince Edward Island Smallest province.

Nova ScotiaHalifax is capital andmajor shipping center.New Brunswick

Capital is Fredericton

Because of over fishing, most people inThese provinces make a living in

Manufacturing, mining, and tourism.

*Halifax if a major shippingCenter in this region.

HeartlandHeartland of Canada of Canada

Quebec

• Largest Province• Manufacturing & Service Industries• ¼ of Canadians live here• French #1 Language• Strong REGIONALISM (leave)• Quebec City is capital of province• Montreal is an important port

Ontario

• 2nd Largest Province• Most people and greatest wealth• Toronto (Canada’s largest city)• Ottawa (National Capital)• Country’s chief manufacturing, financial, and communications center.• St. Lawrence Seaway

PrairiePrairie Provinces ProvincesFarming & RanchingFarming & Ranching

Alberta• Farming• Oil • Natural Gas

Saskatchewan• Sandwiched in the middle• Farming• Oil and natural gas

Manitoba• Many Lakes (created by glaciers)• Farming & Ranching

Large amounts of wheat is exportedto Europe and Asia

Huge pipelines carryoil and natural gasto U.S. and otherparts of Canada.

British ColumbiaBritish ColumbiaArctic Ocean

AtlanticOcean

British Columbia• Marine West Coast Climate• Thick Forest• Newsprint• Fishing• Tourism• Vancouver main Pacific Port

Territories of CanadaTerritories of Canada

Yukon Territory Northwest Territory

Nunavut

Yukon Territory• Rocky Mountains• Cordillera (Mts. that run parallel)

Northwest Territory• Great Bear Lake• Great Slave Lake

Nunavut• Created in 1999• Given to Inuit• Means “Our Land”• Autonomy (right to govern self)• 3x’s size of Texas• 100s islands in Arctic• 60% under age 25 *Tundra Climate

Physical FeaturesPhysical Features

Hudson Bay

Canadian Shield• Wrapped around Hudson Bay• Rocky hills worn by erosion• 1000s of lakes dot region• Iron ore, copper, nickel, gold & uranium deposits (minerals)• Cold climate• Few people live here

Shared with United States

• Appalachian Mountains• Rocky Mountains• Great Lakes• St. Lawrence Seaway• St. Lawrence River• Niagara Falls• Arctic Ocean• Pacific Ocean• Atlantic Ocean

NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement) Free Trade for Canada, U.S., & Mexico

From Colony to NationFrom Colony to Nation

England France

During 1600s and 1700s, England and France fought each other forterritory around the globe. By 1763, the British gained control of Canada

• English and French areas were kept separate• In 1867 they became one nation known as the Dominion of Canada *Canada ran local government, Great Britain between countries• Canadian government promised to protect French culture• During 1900s Canada fought in World Wars• In 1982 Canadians peacefully given independence from British• British king or queen still reigns as king or queen of Canada (no power)

Parliamentary DemocracyParliamentary Democracy• Voters elect representatives to a lawmaking body called Parliament.• Prime Minister is the head of the government

Bilingual Bilingual CountryCountry• Two official languages – English and French• Traffic signs printed in English and French• French-speaking people have wanted Quebec to secede from Canada

Nunavut

Quebec (French)

Newfoundland & Labrador

Prince Edward Island

Nova ScotiaNew Brunswick

OntarioManitoba

Saskatchewan

Alberta (Oil)

BritishColumbia

Yukon Territory

Northwest Territory