chapter 5-6 vol ii western region

Dzongkhag-wise Inventory of Resources-Bhutan

47

Chhukha Dzongkhag was established in April 1987, coinciding with the

beginning of the Sixth Plan. The Dzongkhag has one Drungkhag and 11

gewogs viz. Chapchha, Bjachho, Bongo, Getena, Geling, Dungna, Metap,

Logchina, Dala, Bhalujhora and Phuentsholing with 3,291 households, and

population of 74,387 as per census 2005.

Chhukha Dzongkhag covers an area of about 1,802 sq. km. with elevations

ranging from 200 m to 3,500 m above sea level. Cultivable agricultural land

forms around only nine percent of the total area of the Dzongkhag.

The facilities like electricity, telephone connection, water supply, health

and education coverage in Getena, Dungna, Metakha, Geling gewogs are

easily available and Bongo gewog on the other hand remains remote and

relatively poor. Rugged terrain and lack of roads pose considerable problem

in delivering development services to the people.

5.1 Basic Infrastructure

a. Roads1

Phuentsholing, Darla, Bhalujhora, Chapchha and Logchina gewogs have fairly

good road network.

S. No. Roads Km.

1 National Highway 214

2 Feeder Road 198

3 Urban Road 15.7

4 Farm Road 8.28

5 Forest Road 30.93

Total 483.74 Table 5.1 (a) Roads-2005

b. Distances2to other Dzongkhags

S. No. From To Km.

1 Phuentsholing Thimphu 171

2 Phuentsholing Siliguri 150

3 Phuentsholing Samtse 74

4 Phuentsholing Lhamoyzingkha 121

5 Phuentsholing Gomtu 67

6 Phuentsholing Haa 223

7 Phuentsholing Tsimalakha 97

8 Phuentsholing Paro 165

9 Phuentsholing Wangdue 229

10 Phuentsholing Chhukha 82

11 Chhukha Thimphu 89 Table 5.1 (b) Distances to other Dzongkhags

Source: 1Department of Roads, Ministry of Works & Human Settlement, Bhutan. 2Road Safety & Transport Authority, MoIC, Bhutan.

5 Chhukha

Figure 5.1 Chhukha Dzongkhag


48

c. Education1

The school level facilities are as follows:

S. No. Type of Schools Nos. (2006)

1 Community School 17

2 Primary School 5

3 Lower Secondary School 6

4 Middle Secondary School 4

5 Higher Secondary School 2 Table 5.1 (c) Type of Schools -2006

d. Health Facilities 2

Health facilities are good in this Dzongkhag.

S. No. Facilities Nos. (2006)

1 Hospital 3

2 BHUs 9

3 ORCs 42

Table 5.1 (d) Health Facilities-2006

e. Postal & Telecommunication

Postal services are fairly good. . These include one postal regional office, one general post office, 4 post offices,

3 agency post offices, 5 community mail agents and 3 extension departmental post offices for projects.

f. Energy The Dzongkhag has two large hydro power plants – Chhukha and Tala. These projects contribute significantly in the

generation of hydro power and revenue at the national level

Power Generation

S. No. Power (2005-2006) Installed Capacity

(No. x MW)

Generating

Capacity (MW)

1 Chhukha Hydro Power Corporation 4 x 84 336

2 Tala 3 x 340 1020

3

Diesel Generation Stations

Phuentsholing 3 No. -

4 Other Diesel Station in CHPC 5 No. 1.949 Table 5.1 (e) Power Generation Status

g. Type of Land

The following table describes the land use pattern in the Dzongkhag:

S. No. Type of Land Area in Acres (2005)

1 Wet-Land 2706

2 Dry-Land 11654

3 Tseri/Pangshing 23008 Table 5.1 (f) Type of Land

Source : 1General Statistics 2006-Year Book, Department of School Education, Ministry of Education, Bhutan. 2Statistical & Planning Officers, Dzongkhag Administration-Chhukha.


49

5.2 Trade & Industry 1

Chhukha is the main entry point for import and the commercial hub of the country. Major hydro-power plants

(Chhukha & Tala), which are the key source of national income, are also located in Chhukha Dzongkhag. This

comparative advantage can foster rapid economic growth of the Dzongkhag.

a. Licences Issued A large number business activities are operating in the Dzongkhag. , In the trade sector, 2513 trade licences

(2335 national retail licences, 43 national dealership licences, 124 expatriate retail license and 11 expatriate

dealership licences) were issued. In production and manufacturing, 152 licences (54 for small, 32 for medium,

24 for large and 42 for cottage industry) were issued. Similarly, in services sector, a total of 1108 licences were

issued (55 for small, 3 for medium, 7 for large and 1043 for cottage industry) as on 31.12.2005.

b. Industrial land

1. Phuentsholing Industrial Estate

The Phuentsholing Industrial Estate has an area of 61 acres including one acre near Doti khola. The

estate has 15 numbers of industrial sheds and developed industrial plots. The estate is well facilitated

with road network, water supply, power and transmission lines, drainage systems, telecommunication

facilities and estate management office.

2. Pasakha Industrial Estate The Pasakha Industrial Estate is located 16 km east of Phuentsholing and has an area of 267 acres. All

the facilities like road network, water supply, power and transmission lines, drainage systems,

telecommunication facilities and estate management office are being developed currently. River

protection works have been a major infrastructure requirement for the estate, which has experienced

devastation due to floods. All of the 38 industrial plots available have already been allotted and quite a

number of the units are under production already.

The main industries in Chhukha are as follows:

• Bhutan Polythene Company

• Bhutan Board Products Ltd.

• Bhutan Carbide and Chemicals Ltd.

• Bhutan Ferro Alloys Ltd.

• Druk Stone & Mineral Export Co. Ltd.

• Bhutan Dairy Ltd.

• RSA Pvt. Ltd.

• Druk Cement Co. Ltd.

• Green Wood Mfg. Corporation

• Bhutan Beverage Co. Ltd.

• Drangchu Beverage

• Druk Iron & Steel

• Bhutan Steel Industries

Source: 1Industrial Licensing and Monitoring Division, Department of Industry, MoEA, Bhutan.


50

Available Resource:

5.3 Agriculture1

The majority of the people depend on agriculture, livestock and horticulture. The principal cash crops in the

Dzongkhag are mandarin orange, potato and cardamom. Despite favorable climatic conditions, farm productivity is

low due to different terrain conditions and lack of adequate farm infrastructure, in particular, farm roads. The table

below provides agricultural

production figures :

a. Crops Production (Production in Metric Ton)

S. No. Crops

Gewogs Paddy (MT) Maize (MT) Bean Wheat (MT)

Mustard

(MT)

1 Bhalujhora 364.42 261.22 7.53 00.00 24.48

2 Bjachho 115.90 79.48 9.25 45.53 00.00

3 Bongo 467.74 802.96 15.17 223.89 39.17

4 Chapchha 220.55 186.09 32.29 121.53 44.53

5 Dala 647.45 1326.69 32.98 00.00 60.89

6 Dungna 376.22 203.07 00.00

131.00 00.00

7 Geling 288.42 249.14 00.00 83.69 60.89

8 Getena 266.58 239.00 16.03 810.37 58.26

9 Logchina 161.82 431.69 6.25 34.61 00.00

10 Metap 95.33 163.38 1.26 61.57 20.38

11 Phuentsholing 620.74 2151.02 12.91 111.60 58.85

Total Production (MT) 3625.17 6093.74 133.67 1623.79 367.45 Table 5.3 (a) Crops Production- 2005

b. Main Crops for Commercial Utilization (Production in Metric Ton)

S. No. Crops Production (MT)

1 Paddy 3625.17

2 Maize 6093.74 Table 5.3 (b) Main Crops for Commercial Utilization -2005

Analysis of Agriculture Produce

Data shows a significant production of paddy and maize, but after meeting local consumption needs of the relatively

huge population of the Dzongkhag, only a small surplus may be available for commercial exploitation.

c. Livestock Population2

The following table describes livestock population in the year 2005.

S. No. Cattle type Qty. (Number)

1 Local cattle 20608

2 Cross cattle 3121

3 Mithun 2259

4 Poultry 15132

5 Sheep 1421 Table 5.3 (c) Livestock Population -2005

Source: 1 Agriculture Statistics-2005, Department of Agriculture, MoA & Dzongkhag Agriculture Officer, Dzongkhag Administration -Chhukha. 2Dzongkhag Livestock Officer, Dzongkhag Administration -Chhukha.


51

d. Livestock Products1

Milk, butter and cheese are the main livestock products in Chhukha Dzongkhag.

S. No. Products

Gewogs Milk (Lt.) Butter (Kg.) Cheese (Ball)

1 Bhalujhora 235580 11779 115990

2 Bjachho 63780 5742 42954

3 Bongo 108570 12063 241260

4 Chapchha 40494 3289 3980

5 Dala 21998 7181 57502

6 Dungna 181143 8143 179270

7 Getena 237510 13195 105560

8 Gelling 1255340 69936 178023

9 Logchina 125790 40546 62895

10 Phuentsholing 207343 10141 97025

Total Production(MT) 2477548 182015 1084459 Table 5.3 (d) Livestock Products -2005

Analysis of Livestock Produce

The livestock farming is practiced in almost all the Gewogs of the Dzongkhag. There is good potential for milk

processing and livestock products trade/marketing to other Dzongkhags.

5.4 Horticulture2

a. Vegetables Production (Production in Metric Ton)

S.

No.

Vegetables

Gewogs Potato Cabbage Chilli Ginger Radish Turnip Cardamom

Green

Leaves

1 Bjachho 549.80 86.36 29.81 00.00 75.43 63.03 00.00 34.34

2 Bongo 238.69 19.96 00.00 84.36 70.03 152.98 00.00 37.06

3 Chapcha 3318.95 00.00 301.29 00.00 96.65 100.71 00.00 74.29

4 Dala 381.78 00.00 31.41 92.63 130.15 00.00 227.50 42.96

5 Dungna 506.89 247.62 47.60 00.00 33.54 00.00 70.11 00.00

Total Production (MT) 4996.11 353.94 410.11 176.99 405.8 316.72 297.61 188.65 Table 5.4 (a) Vegetables Production -2005

b. Main Vegetables for Commercial Utilization (Production in Metric Ton)

S. No. Vegetables Production (MT)

1 Potato 4996.11

2 Chilli 410.11 Table 5.4 (b) Main Vegetables for Commercial Utilization -2005

c. Fruits Production (Production in MT)

S. No. Fruits

Gewogs Mandarin Areca nut Banana

1 Bhalujhora 507.09 528.69 6.21

2 Bongo 4669.20 00.00 47.39

3 Dala 1562.89 00.00 15.16

4 Logchina 557.27 00.00 15.36

5 Phuentsholing 858.32 1006.52 00.00

Total Production (MT)

L 8154.77 1535.21 84.12

Table 5.4 (c) Fruit Production-2005

Analysis of Horticulture Produce

The main vegetables that can be considered for commercial processing and trade are potato and chilli. The major

fruits produced are oranges (Mandarin) and areca nut, which can be considered for processing and trade.

Source: 1Dzongkhag Livestock Officer, Dzongkhag Administration -Chhukha. 2Agriculture Statistics-2005, Department of Agriculture, MoA & Dzongkhag Agriculture Officer, Administration Office, Chhukha.


52

5.5 Wood1

Timber demand & production potential are as given in the table below:

Production Potential

Inside FMUs Out side FMUs

Existing Potential

Total

Demand

Difference

Available Log

(Cubic Meter)

0 1617 20827 22444 4309 18135

Table 5.5 Timber Demand & Production Potential (2005-2009)

Analysis of Wood Resource

There is a surplus of wood, but this is being utilized in the faster growing towns of Bhutan by the construction and

furniture industry and no other projects are being considered in this sector.

5.6. Non-wood Forest Resources2

a. Types of Bamboo available

S. No. Scientific Name Local Name Usage Distribution

1 Arundinaria maling Malingo,

maling,

lamphey

Bamboo. Young shoots

are used as vegetable

Mebari in Bjabchho, Pachutar /

Sadumadu in Phuentsholing,

Dofam in Lokchina.

2 Arundinaria sp. Karay malingo Bamboo Bichtala in Drala

3 Arundinaria sp. Negalo / negala Bamboo Bichtala in Drala, Dofam in

Lokchina.

4 Bambus calvata Chiley bans,

jhushing

Useful Bamboo Bichtala in Drala, Dofam in

Lokchina.

5 Bambus nutans Mal / mali

/mola / mala

/maley bans

Bamboo(Leaves are used

as fodder)

Gurungdara in Bhalujhora,

Bichtala in Drala, Pachutar /


Dofam in Lokchina.

6 Bambus sp. Dhanu / ban

bans, jhushing

Bamboo Metab pangu in Metakha,

Zamsha in Bongo.

7 Cephalostachyum

sp.

Gopay, lokpa Bamboo Metab pangu in Metakha,


Bichtala in Drala, Dofam in

Lokchina.

8 Dendrocalamus

hamiltonii

Choya / jungali

/ ban bans,

pakshi / pagshi

Bamboo (Leaves are used

as fodder, shoot-vegetable

as well as preserve and

make as pickle), split

bamboo used to make

rope. Sometimes the seed

are used to produce flour

that is consumed.


Bichtala in Drala, Pachutar /


Dofam in Lokchina.

9 Dendrocalamus

hookeri

Bhalu / kalo

bans, pakshing

Bamboo, leaves are used

as fodder.

Metab pangu in Metakha,

Getena, Bjabchho, Gurungdara in

Bhalujhora, Bichtala in Drala,

Pachutar / Sadumadu in

Phuentsholing, Dofam in

Lokchina.

10 Dendrocalamus sp. Dremling Very useful bamboo Mebari in Bjabchho

11 Himalayancalamus

hookerianus

Pah-ryang Bamboo, young shoot

used as vegetable

Gurungdara in Bhalujhora.

12 Melocanna

baccifera

Philim bans Bamboo Pachutar / Sadumadu in

Phuentsholing, Dofam in

Lokchina.

Source: 1Forestry Resources Development Division, Department of Forestry Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Bhutan. 2"Non wood Forest Product" A report on Chhukha, Forest Resources Development Division, Department of Forestry Services, MoA Bhutan.


53

S. No. Scientific Name Local Name Usage Distribution within Chhukha

13 Pseudostachyum

polymorphum

Philim, Phen Bamboo used to make

basket, young shoots

are used as vegetable.

Rimtokha in Chapcha, Bjabchho, Guru -

ngdara in Bhalujhora, Bichtala in Drala.

14 Pseudostachyum sp. Shemphay Bamboo Mebari in Bjabchho. Table 5.6 (a) Types of Bamboo available

b. Types of Cane available

S. No. Scientific Name Local Name Usage Distribution within Chhukha

1. Calamus

acanthospathu

Gauribet,

tshimtsha

Cane fruit chewed as betel nut.

Young shoots are used as

vegetable.

Getena, Metab Pangu in Metakha,

Wanakha in Geling, Bongo,

Pachutar/Sadumadu in Phuentsholing,

Dofam in Lokchina.

2. Calamus erectus Phegkray, pekri,

phekri, phekori

Fruits are chewed as betel

nut. Leaves can be used for

roofing. Midribs are used to

make hard broom.



Dofam in Lokchina.

3. Calamus inermis Dhang-ray /

dangri / dangray /

mau / aulay bet,

dey-tsha

Cane Bongo, Gurungdara in Bhalujhora,


Dofam in Lokchina.

4. Calamus latifolius Putle bet Cane Bongo

5. Calamus

leptospadix

Kukhrey /

kukhurey / pani

bet, zeechum-tsha

Cane useful to make

furniture.

Bongo, Gurungdara in Bhalujhora,


Dofam in Lokchina.

Table 5.6 (b) Types of Cane available

c. Types of Incenses available

S. No. Scientific

Name

Local Name Usage Distribution within

Chhukha

1 Artemisia Sp. Titey-

Pati,Khempa

The dried immature leaves flower’

heads are used for expulsion of worms.

Also useful in Fevers and Dropsy plus

as a stimulant. Buds are used to cure

pneumonia. Entire plant either dry or

fresh used as incense. Whole plant

used as incense. Portion of the plant is

used to feed goat or sheep as fodder.

Metab Pangu in

Metakha,Wanakha in

Geling, Getena, Rimtokha

in Chapcha, Bjabchho,

Bongo,Guru-ngdara in

Bhalujhora,Bichtala in

Drala,Pachutar/Sadumadu

in Phuensholing,Dofam in

Lokchina.

2 Canarium

Strictum

Gokul dhup Gum used for incense. People believed

that burning incense of this gum would

drive out the evil spirit.

Gurungdara in

Bhalujhora,Pachutar/Sadu

madu in Phuentsholing,

Dofam in Lokchina.

3 Cinnamomum

glaucescens

Malagiri(rare) Its heart wood chip is used as incense.

Actually it is very useful tree. The

Pericarp of the fruit yields essential

oils used in perfumery, incense sticks,

soap and toiletries, etc. Smoke from its

sawdust can rid bed-buck and even

snake. Foliage can be used as fodder.

Gurungdara in

Bhalujhora, Pachutar /

Sadumadu in

Phuentsholing.

4 Didymocarpus

sp.

Kukum-Pati

Ornamental plant, entire plant used as

local incense especially by “Dhami or

Jakri” (the ethno-physician).

Dofam in Lokchina

Table 5.6 (c) Types of Incenses available


54

Analysis of Non-wood Forest Resource

The supply of bamboo of various varieties is suitable for commercial exploitation. Bamboo treatment and

preservation centre may be a viable investment. Cane furniture production should be considered. Incense stick and

essence projects on cottage scale may also be viable and there is scope for oleoresin essential oil production.

5.7. Tourism1- Chhukha

Existing Potential

1. Attractions

• The Dzongkhag has many small Lhakhangs and

other religious sights mostly for the local people.

• Chhukha is known as Bhutan’s trading centre, as

well as a hub for industries, import and export

houses.

• Ethnic festivals, which are special for southern

Bhutanese culture (like Dasai and Dewali) could be

an attraction for tourists, preferably in smaller

villages.

• The Dzongkhag has also high potential for river

rafting and kayaking, e.g. along the Wang Chhu.

• Tala hydropower project (currently the biggest one in

Bhutan with 1020 MW) could be an interesting site

for visitors.

• New trekking routes especially for winter season is

possible. e.g. Tala-Kalikhola Route, a four days trek

with high potential for bird watching and fishing.

2. Lodging Facilities

Adequate hotels with lodging facilities are available

mainly in Phuentsholing. Besides Phuentsholing only

a few operate in Tsimasham and Gedu.

3. Food Service Facilities

Cat. Restaurants Customer Seats

Int. 5 232

Local 24 644

Total 29 876

4. Transportation and Access

Bus services and sufficient taxies are available in

almost all the Gewogs with road network.

The new railway being proposed from Siliguri to

Phuentsholing (approx. by 2010) will facilitate entry and

exit to/from Bhutan via Phuentsholing.

5. Other Public Services/ Facilities

Almost all the Gewogs have adequate health

facilities. These include 3 hospitals in Phuentsholing

and 16 BHUs covering almost all Gewogs.

Table 5.7 Tourism -Chhukha

The Dzongkhag is mainly known as the trading centre of Bhutan. Chhukha Tshechu is the only attraction promoted

for tourism so far. The Dzongkhag has two of the biggest hydroelectric projects in the country. To enter Bhutan via

Phuentsholing is definitely a great way to experience Bhutan on the first day, as the road up to Thimphu is quite

exciting. Elevations of 2,500 m are attractive for resorts to attract free spending Indian tourists.

Source: 1Tourism Resources Inventory of Bhutan, Volume I & II August 15, 2005 & Bhutan Land of the Thunder Dragon -2005, Department of Tourism.


55

5.8 Minerals1

5.8.1 Resource data

a. Limestone at Mirchang-Tala area

S. No. Topic Details

1 Description Crystalline limestone interbanded with garnetiferous mica schist and quartzite occurs at

Mirchang-Badena-Tala area, 10 km distance from the 44 km post on the Phuentsholing-

Thimphu highway. Detailed exploration by drilling done.

2 Reserves 2.80 mio tons of cement grade (probable) and 0.71 million tons of carbide grade proven.

3 Exploitation Leased to Druk Cement plant at Pasakha.

4 Existing/Potential

Enterprises

A mini cement plant, Druk Cement plant has been given the lease to mine the deposit.

Table 5.8.1 (a) Limestone at Mirchang-Tala area

b. Limestone at Haure Khola


1 Description Four bands of limestone occur at Haure Khola, 10 km southwest of Phuentsholing.

2 Reserves 0.114 mio tons (probable) chemical grade and 16.70 mio tons (probable) cement grade.

3 Exploitation Leased to Bhutan Carbide and Chemicals Ltd., Pasakha.


Enterprises

BCCL mines the deposit for use in their factory.

Table 5.8.1 (b) Limestone at Haure Khola.

c. Limestone at Kalesore-Titi


1 Description Bedded limestone intercalated with slaty phyllite at Kalesore about 4.5 km NW of

Phuentsholing.

2 Reserves 1.42 mio tons (inferred) cement grade and 0.20 mio tons (inferred) carbide grade.

3 Exploitation Leased to Druk Cement plant at Pasakha


Enterprises

Raw material source for Druk Cement plant.

Table 5.8.1 (c) Limestone at Kalesore-Titi

d. Limestone at Khanabharti

S. No. Topic Details 1 Description Bedded limestone intercalated with slaty phyllite occur at Khanabharti

2 Reserves 0.260 mio tons (inferred) of cement grade

3 Exploitation None


Enterprises

Although on the proposed Samtse-Phuentsholing new highway, too small a deposit.

Table 5.8.1(d) Limestone at Khanabharti

e. Dolomite at Titring to Kalesore North


1 Description Bands of dolomite intercalated with slaty phyllite and quartzite occur for 16 km from

Titring (in the west) to Kalesore North in the east.

2 Reserves About 529 mio tons

3 Exploitation Access difficult at this time


Enterprises

Falls on the new Samtse-Phuentsholing highway being constructed. Could mine for

captive industrial uses. Table 5.8.1 (e) Dolomite at Titring to Kalesore North

Source: 1(a) The Bhutan Himalaya: A Geological Account- Special Publication 39, Edited by O.N. Bhargava, Geological Survey of India, 1995.

(b) Atlas of Mineral Resources of the ESCAP Region, Volume 8, Bhutan – United Nations ESCAP and Department of Geology & Mines of

Bhutan, 1991.

(c) Department of Geology & Mines, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Thimphu.


56

f . Dolomite at Kalesore


1 Description Four bands of grey dolomite occur at Kalesore about 4 km west of Phuentsholing.

2 Reserves About 2500 mio tons

3 Exploitation Was mined once by Tashi Dolomite of the Tashi Commercial Corporation.


Enterprises

Seasonal mining during the dry season is possible for captive industrial uses.

Table 5.8.1 (f) Dolomite at Kalesore

g. Quartzite at Omchena-Pepchu area


1 Description White/smoky white quartzite occurs intercalated with phyllites and basic sills at 1.5

km (dirt road) west of 27 km point north of Phuentsholing on Phuentsholing –

Thimphu highway. Silica content is mostly in the range of 96 to 98%).

2 Reserves 1.20 mio tons proved

3 Exploitation Leasehold area of Druk Stone & Mineral Company Ltd.


Enterprises

Mined for export presently but will be supplying to one of the new Ferro Silicon

plants under construction at Pasakha Industrial Estate.

Table 5.8.1 (g) Quartzite at Omchena-Pepchu area

h. Quartzite at Kamji-Kezari areas


1 Description Fine grained, white to smoky quartzite with interbands of phyllites and basic sills

have been traced for a distance of about 23 km from Kamji (25 km north of

Phuentsholing on Phuentsholing-Thimphu highway) in the west to Kezari landslide

area in the east. Detailed sampling has been done at Thotney Khola near Kamji,

Barsa Chhu, Singey Chhu and Kejari at the easternmost end. Silica content is

mostly in the 95-97% range

2 Reserves 20.36 mio tons inferred from surface studies

3 Exploitation Singey Chhu deposit has been studied in more detail by one of the new Ferro

Silicon plants under construction at Pasakha Industrial Estate.


Enterprises

The quartzite in this belt is of high grade and can be used by ferrosilicon, silicon

carbide & calcium silicide plants. Table 5.8.1 (h) Quartzite at Kamji-Kezari areas

i. Quartzite at Padzekha Chu


1 Description White, medium to coarse grained, thickly bedded quartzite with regular joints

occur at Pedzekha Chu 8 km northeast of BFAL ferro-silicon plant in Pasakha.

Thickness varies from 60 - 70 m and is of ferrosilicon & calcium silicide grade

(SiO2 content: 97.00 to 98.50%).


3 Exploitation Leasehold area of one of the new Ferro Silicon plant under construction at

Pasakha Industrial Estate.


Enterprises

Is suitable for ferrosilicon manufacturing and will be mined by the new Ferro-

silicon plant. Table 5.8.1 (i) Quartzite at Padzekha Chu

j. Quartzite at Dungina-Pakchina area


1 Description White, medium to coarse grained quartzite with thin intercalations of phyllite

occur at Dungina-Pakchina area about 10 km east-northeast of BFAL plant at

Pasakha. A thickness of 140 m is attained at places. Average SiO2 content is

98.10%.


3 Exploitation Leasehold area of BFAL, Pasakha


Enterprises

Being mined by BFAL for manufacture of ferrosilicon

Table 5.8.1 (j) Quartzite at Dungina-Pakchina area


57

k. Talc


1 Description Talc occurrences extend from Samtse in the west to Sarpang in the east. Talc occurs as

thin lenses, films, pockets and bands associated with quartzite, phyllite and calcareous

quartzite. Thickness of bands varies from a few cm to 40 meters.

2 Reserves Total estimated reserves is 1,39,700 tons.

3 Exploitation Mined and exported to India as raw material from many places in Chhukha and Samtse

Dzongkhags.


Enterprises

The geologically estimated reserves is 1,39,700 tons whereas the total mined and

exported in raw form until 2005 is 2,08,354 tons. Small-scale mining is done by many

different entrepreneurs from many different areas. Table 5.8.1 (k) Talc

l. Marble


1 Description At Mirchang-Tala area, there are three marble bands, which vary in strike length from

350 to 950 m and thickness varying from 30-80 m. Marble is banded and suitable for

building and ornamental purpose.

2 Reserves NA

3 Exploitation None


Enterprises

If the marble is finer grained than those in Thimphu, Paro and Haa, it should be

investigated for its suitability/mineability for construction purposes both for local use

and export, as the location is closer to Phuentsholing.

Table 5.8.1 (l) Marble

m. Graphite


1 Description Small quantities of graphite occur at Depchasa and Dorjamsa area east of Tsimakothi,

Donga area East-southeast of Taktichu and at Dungna.

2 Reserves Not estimated

3 Exploitation None


Enterprises

No economic significance.

Table 5.8.1 (m) Graphite

5.8.2 Recommended Further Investigation

1. High grade quartzite

High-grade quartzite like the one at Padzeka Chhu needs to be looked for as raw materials source for the proposed

ferrosilicon plants and manufacture of glass.

2. Talc

Continuous talc mining by small individual miners has benefited many entrepreneurs over the years although there

is no accurate reserve figure of the mineral recorded. Although the talc deposits are small, they are found over a

large area. So, a thorough geological investigation of the talc mineral belt in the foothills is warranted.

3. Marble

The quality and quantity of the Mirchang-Tala marble deposit need to be assessed so that the import of the marble

slabs from outside (of better quality than the Gidakom marble) to meet domestic demand could be reduced.

4. Huge reserves of dolomite

Since the Dzongkhag has ample industrial land and is close to the Indian markets, possible chemical industries based

on the huge reserves of dolomite available in the area, can be looked into.


58

5.9 Human Resources1 and Skills

The Royal Bhutan Institute of Technology located at Kharbandhi provides higher education in engineering. The

institute offers 30 seats for Bachelor of Technology Degree in Civil & Electrical Engineering, 100 seats for

Diploma and 30 seats for Certificate in Mechanical trades are available annually. In the private sector, computer and

IT training institute provides vocational programmes.

a. Royal Bhutan Institute of Technology (RBIT), Chhukha

S. No. Degree/Diploma Intake

1 B. Tech. (Civil & Electrical) 30

2 Diploma

�� Civil

�� Electrical

�� Mechanical

45

40

15

3 Certificate (Mechanical) 30

Total 160 Table: 5.9 (a) Royal Bhutan Institute of Technology (RBIT), Chhukha

b. Computer & Management Institute (CMI) -Phuentsholing

S. No. Degree/Diploma Intake

1 Computer Programming,

Commercial Accounting & Office Management 100

2 Advanced Computer Operation,

Commercial Accounting & Office Management 100

3 Advanced Computer Operation

Office Management & Basic Accounting 100

4 Computer Hardware 100

Total 400 Table 5.10 (b) Computer & Management Institute (CMI)-Phuentsholing

Analysis of Human Resources

It is apparent that there are no vocational training institutes geared to meeting the demands of the business sector

despite the existence of a number of large and medium scale industries, and trading activities in the Dzongkhag.

Skilled manpower is in short supply locally. Vocational training institutes catering to local business demands,

therefore, hold potential. In the industrial sector, and particularly for chemical industries, industry specific skills

development centres are strong possibilities.

Source: 1Department of Human Resources, Ministry of Labour & Human Resources, Thimphu.


59

5.10 SWOT analysis

Strengths

1. Excellent road connectivity

2. Economically well developed

3. Main trade route with India

4. Rich mineral deposits

5. Well established education and health infrastructure

(High technical education)

6. Adequate power and water supply

7. Agriculture Extension Centre

8. Livestock Extension Centre

9. RNR Extension Centre

10. Hydro power generation

11. Existing industrial estate with developed

infrastructure to support further growth

Weaknesses

1. Terrain from low to high altitude

2. Lack of waste / effluent disposal facilities

3. Some Gewogs are remote and relatively poor

4. Lack of entrepreneurial spirit in local population

5. Weak infrastructure to support main trade route

with India

Opportunities

1. Services to support heavy industrial activities

2. Tourist circuits and innovative tourist products

3. Service to support hydropower generation &

maintenance

4. International education and BPO hub

5. Non wood resources can support fragrance and

aromatic products

6. Wood availability can sustain wood based industries

7. Rich mineral base

8. IT & BPO Services

Threats

1. Cheap products & services from India

2. Marginal forest cover may be threatened with

further land development

Table 5.10 SWOT Analysis

5.11 Need for Government Support a. The horticulture and livestock produce are in surplus beyond the local consumption. As such,

Government can support setting up of a collection centre for inter-Dzongkhag trade.

b. High technology green house for exotic vegetables and floriculture could be established. The initial

investment can be made by the Government through suitable developmental funding and it can run on a

self sustaining model. The local farmers/entrepreneurs should be encouraged to cultivate exotic

vegetables, flowers and other value added crops after getting the saplings from the green house.

c. Municipal solid waste is going to pose serious environmental threat to this Dzongkhag. A feasibility

study should be conducted by the Government for MSW collection, disposal and conversion into bio

mass/energy and take CDM benefit.

d. Setting up of centers for bio-technology research and ITES/BPO services could be explored. Young

educated Bhutanese should be encouraged to venture out into these areas with initial infrastructure

support from Government and private venture capital support.


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5.12 Investment Opportunity Ideas With easy access to the Indian market and serving as gateway to Bhutan, Phuenstholing area has developed as trade

and industrial hub. A number of new industries under construction in Pasakha Industrial Estate, once operational will

boost business activities in the area. Based on the analysis of the resources and facilities, the potential for

establishment of business activities in trade, manufacturing and services exists as listed below. These could be

predominantly small enterprises as constraints in terms of land and utilities would not support large scale activities

particularly in manufacturing in the short run. Interested investors should, however, undertake detailed project studies

before making investment as these are only project ideas. .

a. Trade

�� Branded souvenir shops

�� Retail shops

�� Wholesale trade

b. Manufacturing �� Post harvest processing

i. Farm level handling

ii. Cold storage

iii. Cold chain

iv. Packaging

v. Storage & preservation

vi. Ripening chambers

vii. Fruit & vegetable cleaning, grading, processing, packaging and retailing

viii. Oil expelling unit

ix. Breakfast cereal production units (corn based)

�� Dairy farming & milk collection centre

�� Dairy products manufacturing unit

�� Poultry/piggery farm

�� Cattle feed unit

�� Quartzite-based industries

�� MgCo3 and CaCo3 extraction from dolomite

�� Electronics industry cluster

�� Garment industry cluster

�� Packaged drinking water

c. Services

�� IT park

�� R &D center and laboratories

�� Heavy equipment repair workshop

�� Tour information/services for regular short-term Indian tourists

�� Vocational institutes


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Punakha served as the winter capital till 1955 and Punakha Dzong

continues to be the winter residence of the Central Monk Body. The

first hereditary Monarch King Ugyen Wangchuck was enthroned on

17 December, 1907, in Punakha. Pungthang Dechen Phodrang in

Punakha Dzongkhag was constructed by Zhabdrung Ngawang

Namgyel in 1637 and is renowned for its historical importance.

It is a fortress town with an important Buddhist monastery. It has 10

Gewogs namely Barp, Chhubu, Dzomo, Goenshari, Guma, Kabjisa,

Lingmukha, Shenga Bjime, Talo and Toewang with an area of 973 sq.

km. and a population of 17,715 as per census 2005. Except for Talo

and Guma Gewogs, most gewogs are located along the banks of Pho-

chhu and Mo-chhu with elevation ranging from 1200-4800 m above

sea level.

6.1 Basic Infrastructure

a. Roads1

This Dzongkhag headquarter is well connected with Thimphu and Wangduephodrang by road. However, the

majority of farm households still lack direct access to motor roads, which poses considerable difficulty in transporting

farm surplus to market.

S. No. Roads Km.

1 National Highway 9

2 Feeder Road 96 Table 6.1 (a) Roads -2005

b. Distances2 to other Dzongkhags

S. No. From To Distance (Km.)

1 Punakha Thimphu 71

2 Punakha Damphu 126

3 Punakha Wangdue 23

4 Punakha Gelephu 219 Table 6.1 (b) Distances to other Dzongkhags

c. Education

3

Punakha had a total of 12 schools for 4,579 students in 2006, as detailed below:

S. No. Type of Schools Nos. (2006)

1 Community School 5

2 Primary School 2

3 Lower Secondary School 3

4 Middle Secondary School 1

5 Higher Secondary School 1 Table 6.1 (c) Type of Schools -2006

Source: 1 Department of Roads, Ministry of Works & Human Settlement, Bhutan. 2Road Safety & Transport Authority, MoIC, Bhutan. 3General Statistics 2006-Year Book, Department of School Education, Ministry of Education, Bhutan.

6 Punakha

Figure 6.1 Punakha Dzongkhag


62

d. Health Facilities 1

The Dzongkhag has the following health facilities.

S. No. Health Facilities Nos. (2005)

1 Hospital 1

2 BHU’s 5

3 Outreach Clinics 9 Table 6.1 (d) Health Facilities-2005

e. Postal & Telecommunication

For postal services, the Dzongkhag has only one regional post office, one fax office and 632 lines rural telephone

exchange.

f. Electricity: Over 30% of the rural households have access to electricity.

S. No. Year 2005

1 Towns Electrified 1

2 Total No. of Villages Electrified 135

3 Total No. of Households Electrified 2544 Table 6.1(e) Electrical Connections-2005

g. Water Supply

Almost 60 % of the households have access to piped drinking water supply.

i. Type of Land

S. No. Type of Land Area in Acres (2005)

1 Wet-Land 6656

2 Dry-Land 884

3 Tseri / Pangshing 143

4 Kitchen Garden 373

5 Orchard 64 Table 6.1 (f) Type of Land

6.2 Trade & Industry2

In Punakha Dzongkhag, 119 trade licences (116 retail licences, 3 dealership licences), 6 production and

manufacturing license (6 for cottage industry) and a total of 101 licences for services (7 for small, 94 for cottage

industry) were issued, as on 31.12.2005.

Available Resources:

6.3 Agriculture3

Punakha has excellent production of paddy and wheat which are the main crops for commercial utilization.

a. Crops Production (Production in Metric Ton)

S. No. Crops

Gewogs Paddy Bean Barley Wheat Maize Mustard

1 Chhubu 586.58 13.07 00.00 45.41 23.65 9.47

2 Dzome 1135.47 10.75 00.00 60.12 16.64 23.87

3 Goenshari 178.12 3.44 19.43 25.23 8.98 00.00

4 Guma 834.20 00.00 00.00 41.69 00.00 11.42

5 Kabjisa 1258.21 44.30 50.37 67.38 00.70 17.54

6 Limbukha 446.96 11.04 32.59 39.13 00.00 00.00

Source: 1Statistical & Planning Officers, Dzongkhag Administration-Punakha. 2Industrial Licensing and Monitoring Division, Department of Industry, MoEA, Bhutan.

3Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Dzongkhag Agriculture Officer, Dzongkhag Administration - Punakha.


63

S. No. Crops

Gewogs Paddy Bean Barley Wheat Maize Mustard

7 Shengana 835.42 23.32 30.80 160.54 37.58 16.66

8 Talo 864.03 47.78 33.30 71.15 239.32 12.54

9 Toewang 775.89 4.45 00.00 59.57 239.32 91.53

Total Production (MT) 6914.88 158.15 166.49 570.22 566.19 183.03 Table 6.3 (a) Crops Production -2005

b. Main Crops for Commercial Utilization 1(Production in Metric Ton)

S. No. Crops Production (MT)

1 Paddy 6914.88

2 Wheat 570.22 Table 6.3 (b) Main Crops for Commercial Utilization-2005

Analysis of Agriculture Produce

The data shows that paddy and wheat are grown in all the gewogs of the Dzongkhag. The volumes produced are

substantial, considering the low population of the Dzongkhag, thus can be considered for processing and trade.

c. Livestock Population

2

Local cattle, pig and jersey cows are the main farm animals as below:

S. No. Livestock Total (Nos.)

1 Local Cattle 8991

2 Jersey Cows 2094

3 Mithun (Cross breed) 1882

4 Pig 2459 Table 6.3 (c) Livestock Population-2005

d. Livestock Product2

The following table gives main livestock products.

S. No. Livestock Product Production

1 Milk (Lt.) 417608

2 Butter (Kg.) 41586

3 Cheese (Balls) 333128 Table 6.3 (d) Livestock Product -2005

Analysis of Livestock Produce

Milk and other livestock products may be just sufficient for the local population. However, should there be small

surplus, the products find market access to nearby urban centres including Thimphu town.

Source: 1Agriculture Statistics-2005, Department of Agriculture, MoA & Dzongkhag Agriculture Officer, Dzongkhag Administration - Punakha. 2Dzongkhag Livestock Officer, Dzongkhag Administration - Punakha.


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6.4 Horticulture1

a. Vegetables Production (Production in Metric Ton)

S. No. Vegetables

Gewogs Potato Radish Chilli Tomato Onion Turnip

Green

Leaves

1 Chhubu 32.39 30.43 128.00 24.03 4.33 00.00 45.97

2 Dzome 65.90 29.06 57.63 00.00 16.88 21.38 22.74

3 Goenshari 7.80 3.87 8.62 00.00 2.50 00.00 00.00

4 Guma 00.00 110.88 260.51 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

5 Kabjisa 164.86 35.99 245.85 00.00 5.60 18.26 6.61

6 Limbukha 196.35 144.45 86.84 00.00 2.49 00.00 7.48

7 Shengana 36.32 22.68 20.83 00.00 6.65 139.68 2.16

8 Talo 144.11 165.14 124.58 00.00 3.70 69.74 3.55

9 Toewang 25.26 7.25 45.12 8.49 .66 00.00 1.06

Total Production (MT) 672.99 549.75 977.98 32.52 42.81 249.06 89.57 Table 6.4 (a) Vegetables Production-2005

b. Main Vegetables for Commercial Utilization (Production in Metric Ton)

S. No Vegetables Production (MT)

1 Chilli 977.98 Table 6.4 (b) Main Vegetables for Commercial Utilization -2005

c. Fruit Production (Production in Metric Ton)

S. No. Fruit

Gewogs Mandarin Banana

1 Chhubu 65.92 5.15

2 Dzome 30.36 11.27

3 Goenshari 00.00 00.00

4 Guma 66.29 31.28

5 Kabjisa 207.64 8.99

6 Lingmukha 17.00 00.00

7 Shengana 35.11 00.00

8 Talo 60.83 00.00

9 Toewang 89.01 12.65

Total Production (MT) 572.16 69.34

Table 6.4 (c) Fruit Production -2005

Analysis of the Horticulture Produce

A variety of fruits and vegetables are cultivated as shown above. Among these chilli, mandarin and banana are the

main produces that hold potential for commercial utilization.

6.5 Wood2

Timber demand & production potential are as given in the table below:

Production Potential

Inside FMUs Out side FMUs

Existing Potential

Total

Demand

Difference

Available Log

(Cubic Meter)

0 0 9813 9813 2643 7170 Table 6.5 Timber Demand & Production Potential (2005-2009)

Analysis of the Wood Resource

Although the above estimate indicates timber surplus, no new industries are suggested in view of the general

shortage of timber at the national level and lack of operating FMUs in the Dzongkhag.

Source: 1Agriculture Statistics-2005, Department of Agriculture, MoA & Dzongkhag Agriculture Officer, Dzongkhag Administration - Punakha. 2 Forestry Resources Development Division, Department of Forestry Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Bhutan.


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6.6 Tourism1- Punakha

Existing Potential

1. Attractions

• Main attractions are the Punakha Dzong and

temples like Chimi Lhakhang.

• Whitewater sports on Pho Chhu and Mo Chhu are

already promoted.

• Punakha also has two hot springs.

• Whitewater sports could be further developed to

make it a major attraction in this area.

• Koma Tsachu could become a popular hot spring but

needs proper approach road and facilities.

• Sinchu La trek from Thimphu (3 days) during

springtime could be promoted. Punakha also has

good potential for mountain biking.

2. Lodging Facilities

Three tourist lodges and two local hotels are operating.

3. Food Service Facilities

12 restaurants/bars mainly in Khuruthang. One “proper” restaurant near the Dzong, is required.

4. Transportation and Access

Adequate transportation and access.

5. Other Public Services/ Facilities

Health services, fire, police, waste management, water

supply and parking spaces are available.

Waste management needs improvement. Public toilets

near tourist places required.

Table 6.6 Tourism -Punakha

Punakha, according to DoT’s tourism monitor, is already the most visited “sight” in Bhutan. Proper hotels would

facilitate longer stays here. Punakha has great tourism potential in short cultural treks, trek routes to Lunana,

whitewater sports, and cultural tourism.

6.7 Minerals2

6.7.1 Resource data

a. Tungsten mineralization in Thimphu gneiss


1 Description Scheelite (tungsten) mineralization occurs in skarn bodies and this type of rocks

occurs near Jumthang, Olekha, Botokha, Rimchhu, Amrimo, Basha, Yemina, Geza

etc. in the Mochhu valley. The thickness of the skarn bodies varies from a few

metres to 100 m. They have analyzed tungsten values ranging from 50 to 3700 ppm.

Stream sediment sampling has indicated presence of tin in the area. Geological

mapping was also done in the Phochhu and Shenga Rongchhu valleys but no

significant mineralization has been found.

2 Reserves NA

3 Exploitation None


Enterprises

No significant mineralization to warrant further investigation in the area as of now.

Table 6.7.1(a) Tungsten Mineralization in Thimphu gneiss

b. Stone quarry at Botokha


1 Description White granitic gneiss with thin partings of garnetiferous mica schist interbedded with

amphibolit schist and fine-grained micaceous quartzite occur at Botokha, Kabesa

Gewog. The granitic gneiss can be used as blocks, slabs and aggregates in the

construction industry.

2 Reserves 0.160 mio tons of quarriable material estimated.

3 Exploitation Located in private property and meant to be quarried by the land owner.


Enterprises

This type of granitic gneiss is available in other areas of the Dzongkhag and can be

studied and mined on a case-to-case basis. Table 6.7.1(b) Tungsten Mineralization in Thimphu gneiss

Source: 1Tourism Resources Inventory of Bhutan, Volume I & II August 15, 2005 & Bhutan Land of the Thunder Dragon -2005, Department of Tourism. 2(a) The Bhutan Himalaya: A Geological Account- Special Publication 39, Edited by O.N. Bhargava, Geological Survey of India, 1995.

(b) Atlas of Mineral Resources of the ESCAP Region, Volume 8, Bhutan – United Nations ESCAP and Department of Geology & Mines of

Bhutan, 1991 and Department of Geology & Mines, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Thimphu.


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6.8 Human Resources1 and Skills

The Dzongkhag has one vocational institute.

Vocational Training Institute (VTI) – Khuruthang, Punakha

S. No. Diploma Intake

1 Electrical Engineering 50

2 Civil Construction N.A

Total 50 Table 6.8 (a) Vocational Training Institute (VTI) – Khuruthang, Punakha

6.9 SWOT Analysis

Strengths

1. Well connected with capital Thimphu and

Wangdue Phodrang

2. Ancient capital of the country

3. Livestock extension center

4. RNR Extension center

5. Availability of electricity and water

Weaknesses

1. Lacks internal service roads

2. Lack of skilled man power and farm labour

3. Wholesale trade is controlled from Wangdue

Phodrang.

4. Lacks industry supporting development

infrastructure

5. Lacks internet connectivity

Opportunities

1. Tremendous scope for greenhouse and

high value crop cultivation

2. International educational hub

3. Rural tourism circuit

4. Vocational training institute to support

availability of technically trained manpower

Threats

1. Industrial development may disturb strong

agriculture base

Table 6.9 SWOT Analysis

5.10 Need for Government Support

a. The Dzongkhag has investment development potential and entrepreneurship zeal among the

local inhabitants. It requires supporting infrastructure like connectivity with other developed

Dzongkhags, internet connectivity, business facilitation centre, vocational training institutes and

other modern amenities. Government could consider declaring the Dzongkhag as a special

development zone and provide incentives, for investments in the Dzongkhag.

b. The agriculture, horticulture and livestock produce are in surplus. As such, Government can

support setting up of a collection centre for inter-Dzongkhag trade.

Source: 1Department of Human Resources, Ministry of Labour & Human Resources, Thimphu.


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5.11 Investment Opportunity Ideas

Analysis of the resources as enumerated above coupled with interactive site visit in the Dzongkhag, indicates potential for

investment in the following areas, which are listed under the heads Trade, Manufacture and Services. Interested investors are

advised to undertake detailed project studies before making investment.

a. Trade

�� Retail trade in electrical and electronics

�� Farm machinery

�� Branded souvenir shops

b. Manufacturing

�� Dehydration and vacuum packaging of vegetable/fruits

(Apricots, pears, dates, persimmons etc.)

�� Soya bean based products

�� Oil extraction plant (mustard and other)

�� Bakery

�� Organic farms

�� Animal feed plant

�� Dairy plant/ milk collection centre

�� Mineral / Spring Water bottling plant

�� Incense manufacturing

�� Floriculture unit and flower fragrance extraction plant

c. Services

�� Entertainment center

�� Movie theatre/multiplex

�� Quality restaurant/café near the Dzong

�� Private college

�� Development of Hot springs at Koma Tsachu & Phochhu

�� Courier

�� Insurance services

chapter 5-6 vol ii western region

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