Chapter 5Chapter 5

Community Policing, Problem Community Policing, Problem Solving Policing and ServiceSolving Policing and Service

Community Policing is one of the most Community Policing is one of the most significant trends in policing history.significant trends in policing history.

Community Policing is an organization-Community Policing is an organization-wide philosophy and management wide philosophy and management approach that promotes community, approach that promotes community, government, and police partnerships.government, and police partnerships.

Community Policing is when everyone Community Policing is when everyone assumes responsibility for the health of assumes responsibility for the health of their community.their community.

Community Policing is a belief that Community Policing is a belief that working together can accomplish working together can accomplish what neither can do alone.what neither can do alone.

Community Policing is a philosophy Community Policing is a philosophy that stresses working proactively in that stresses working proactively in partnership with citizens to prevent partnership with citizens to prevent and to solve crime-related problems.and to solve crime-related problems.

Recall Anglo-Saxon tithing system.Recall Anglo-Saxon tithing system.

Broken Windows: In unhealthy Broken Windows: In unhealthy communities, disorder and crime may communities, disorder and crime may flourish. If it appears that no one cares, flourish. If it appears that no one cares, disorder and crime will thrive.disorder and crime will thrive.

Citizens involvement in the law Citizens involvement in the law enforcement community and in enforcement community and in understanding policing has taken the form understanding policing has taken the form of civilian review boards, citizen patrols, of civilian review boards, citizen patrols, citizen police academies, ride along and citizen police academies, ride along and similar programs.similar programs.

The two critical key elements of community The two critical key elements of community policing are partnership and problem solving.policing are partnership and problem solving.

Partnerships: cornerstone of community Partnerships: cornerstone of community policing.policing.

Exists on two levels:Exists on two levels: 1) Passive Level: Community assumes a 1) Passive Level: Community assumes a

compliant role and shows support for law and compliant role and shows support for law and order by what they order by what they Don’tDon’t do. do.

2) Active Level: Community step beyond their 2) Active Level: Community step beyond their law-abiding lives and get directly involved in law-abiding lives and get directly involved in projects, programs, and other specific efforts projects, programs, and other specific efforts to enhance their community safety. to enhance their community safety.

The core components of effective community The core components of effective community partnerships are:partnerships are: Stakeholders with a vested interest in the collaborationStakeholders with a vested interest in the collaboration Trusting vision and common goals for the collaboration.Trusting vision and common goals for the collaboration. ExpertiseExpertise Teamwork strategiesTeamwork strategies Open communicationOpen communication Motivated partnersMotivated partners Means to implement and sustain the collaborative effortMeans to implement and sustain the collaborative effort An Action PlanAn Action Plan

Medical Model: This is sometimes used to Medical Model: This is sometimes used to explain the relationship between the explain the relationship between the community and the police.community and the police. Patients are responsible for their own health, Patients are responsible for their own health,

with physicians advising patients on how to be with physicians advising patients on how to be healthy. So, too, in the community citizens are healthy. So, too, in the community citizens are responsible for public safety and keeping their responsible for public safety and keeping their neighborhoods healthy, and they cannot expect neighborhoods healthy, and they cannot expect the police to take sole responsibility for it. the police to take sole responsibility for it.

Police and the public share responsibility for the Police and the public share responsibility for the cause of crime, the fear of crime, and actual cause of crime, the fear of crime, and actual crime.crime.

This model focuses on prevention rather than This model focuses on prevention rather than cure, on being proactive rather than reactive. cure, on being proactive rather than reactive. It is easier to prevent than to cure.It is easier to prevent than to cure.

Community Policing in Schools:Community Policing in Schools: Officer are assigned to school “community”Officer are assigned to school “community” Problem orientedProblem oriented Role of officer extended beyond law enforcement Role of officer extended beyond law enforcement

to include prevention and early prevention to include prevention and early prevention activities.activities.

Consistent responses to incidents. Consistent responses to incidents. ProactiveProactive

Partnership with Media:Partnership with Media: This relationship can be a powerful ally or This relationship can be a powerful ally or

formidable opponent. formidable opponent. It is important to build a positive working It is important to build a positive working

partnership with media.partnership with media. Community Policing, Partnerships and Community Policing, Partnerships and

the Decrease of Crime:the Decrease of Crime: Many researchers report a direct Many researchers report a direct

correlation between the number of correlation between the number of officers on the street and the decline of officers on the street and the decline of crime.crime.

However, the decrease of crime cannot However, the decrease of crime cannot be attributed to community policing be attributed to community policing alone. The following can also be alone. The following can also be attributed to the decrease of crime:attributed to the decrease of crime: Quality of life issuesQuality of life issues Robust economyRobust economy Population with greater numbers of elderly Population with greater numbers of elderly Fewer juvenilesFewer juveniles

Problem oriented policing and community Problem oriented policing and community oriented policing are sometimes equated. oriented policing are sometimes equated.

Problem oriented policing is an essential Problem oriented policing is an essential component of community policing.component of community policing.

Problem oriented policing is a Problem oriented policing is a departmental wide strategy aimed at departmental wide strategy aimed at solving persistent community problems.solving persistent community problems.

Goldstein is known as the father of Goldstein is known as the father of problem oriented policing (POP)problem oriented policing (POP)

Problem solving requires police to Problem solving requires police to group incidents and thereby, identify group incidents and thereby, identify underlying causes of problems in the underlying causes of problems in the community.community.

Problem oriented policing, a vital Problem oriented policing, a vital component of the community policing component of the community policing philosophy, requires that police move philosophy, requires that police move beyond a law enforcement perspective beyond a law enforcement perspective in seeking solutions to problems.in seeking solutions to problems.

SARA Model:SARA Model: Eck and Spelman Eck and Spelman Four Strategies are:Four Strategies are: Scanning: grouping individual incidents into Scanning: grouping individual incidents into

meaningful “problems”meaningful “problems” Analyzing: collecting information from all Analyzing: collecting information from all

available sourcesavailable sources Responding: selecting and implementing Responding: selecting and implementing

solutions.solutions. Assessing: evaluating the impact of the Assessing: evaluating the impact of the

solutionsolution

The Crime Triangle:The Crime Triangle: Offender, victim and location.Offender, victim and location. If one of the three are removed, no crime.If one of the three are removed, no crime. Hot Spots: high crime areasHot Spots: high crime areas Common Mistakes in Problem Solving:Common Mistakes in Problem Solving:

Spending to much energy on unimportant detailsSpending to much energy on unimportant details Failing to resolve important issuesFailing to resolve important issues Being secretive about true feelingBeing secretive about true feeling Closed mindClosed mind Inability to decide or putting off decision to last minuteInability to decide or putting off decision to last minute Failing to set deadlinesFailing to set deadlines Making decisions under pressureMaking decisions under pressure Using unreliable sources of informationUsing unreliable sources of information

Implementing Community Policing:Implementing Community Policing: Community Policing will require a change Community Policing will require a change

in management style, mission statement in management style, mission statement and department organization.and department organization.

Leaders must have a vision for the Leaders must have a vision for the department and the communitydepartment and the community

A key to community service is linking A key to community service is linking policing to the delivery of city services.policing to the delivery of city services.

Community service translates into Community service translates into customer servicecustomer service

Police department provide a wide variety of Police department provide a wide variety of services including:services including: Giving information (directions & advice)Giving information (directions & advice) CounselingCounseling Licensing and vehicle registering, Licensing and vehicle registering, Intervening in domestic argumentsIntervening in domestic arguments Working with neglected/abused childrenWorking with neglected/abused children Emergency medical or rescue servicesEmergency medical or rescue services Dealing with people under the influence of Dealing with people under the influence of

substancessubstances Dealing with stray animalsDealing with stray animals Controlling crowdsControlling crowds Providing community education programsProviding community education programs

The most common and often most dangerous The most common and often most dangerous type of call made to the police department is type of call made to the police department is setting disputes or quarrels (domestic setting disputes or quarrels (domestic violence)violence)

Police often have contact with the youth. The Police often have contact with the youth. The youth of our country are of critical importance. youth of our country are of critical importance. Programs for youth may include: Programs for youth may include: PAL: Police Athletic League, provide youth the PAL: Police Athletic League, provide youth the

opportunity to interact with police in sports.opportunity to interact with police in sports. School Resource Officers:School Resource Officers: Operation CleanSweep: Retributive and Operation CleanSweep: Retributive and

Rehabilitative for help youth not commit crimes in Rehabilitative for help youth not commit crimes in future.future.

McGruff: “Take a bite out of Crime.”McGruff: “Take a bite out of Crime.” Police Explorers: senior Scouts who Police Explorers: senior Scouts who

volunteer with police departmentsvolunteer with police departments Dare: Drug Resistance EducationDare: Drug Resistance Education Community Crime Prevention Community Crime Prevention

Programs:Programs: Crime prevention programs include Crime prevention programs include

neighborhood or block watch programs, neighborhood or block watch programs, operation identification programs, home operation identification programs, home security, store security and auto security.security, store security and auto security.

Challenges to Community Policing:Challenges to Community Policing: Resistance by police and the communityResistance by police and the community Perception that community policing goes Perception that community policing goes

against aggressive law enforcement practices.against aggressive law enforcement practices. Benefits of Community Policing to OfficersBenefits of Community Policing to Officers

Job enrichmentJob enrichment Get to know the citizens with whom they workGet to know the citizens with whom they work Have greater responsibility and authorityHave greater responsibility and authority Serving and protecting a increasingly diverse Serving and protecting a increasingly diverse

populationpopulation

Our population is becoming older and has Our population is becoming older and has more minorities, more immigrants, more more minorities, more immigrants, more homeless people and more individuals homeless people and more individuals with infectious diseases. In addition, the with infectious diseases. In addition, the gap between those who live in poverty and gap between those who live in poverty and those who are more affluent is widening.those who are more affluent is widening.

Major challenges presented by immigrants Major challenges presented by immigrants are language barriers, unfamiliar customs, are language barriers, unfamiliar customs, and failure to report victimization.and failure to report victimization.

The challenge in dealing with The challenge in dealing with homeless people is to balance homeless people is to balance compassion for them with the compassion for them with the public’s right to be free from public’s right to be free from interference.interference.