Chapter 47 Section 3pp. 970-972

HIV AND AIDS

 

VACCINES

Vaccines artificially produce acquired immunityVaccine- substance that contains antigen of a pathogen

Causes immune system to produce memory cells

You can make antibodies right away if infected

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus AIDS (acquired immune deficiency

syndrome): weakened immune system caused by the infection of HIV

HIV ≠ AIDS

DEFINITIONS

Caused by a retrovirus1.has enzymes to transcribe its RNA to DNA2.new DNA inserted into host cell’s DNA3.host cell now makes proteins to assemble

more HIV viruses

HIV

Infects helper T-cells and macrophages

Why is this so bad?

Transmission: through fluid containing the virus or cells with the virus (blood, sexually, breast-feeding)

HIV TRANSMISSION

AIDS

AIDS Phase I: few or no symptomsPhase II: worsening of symptomsPhase III: T-cell count goes below 200 cells/mL (normal 600-700)

COURSE OF THE DISEASE

Opportunistic infections: diseases that only strike because of a weakened immune systemEX. Kaposi’s sarcoma, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia

AIDS AND INFECTIONS

A. mutates and evolves very quickly which makes it difficult to make a vaccine

B. treatment consists of “cocktails” with some patients taking up to 50 pills a day (very expensive!)

TREATMENTS AND VACCINES