chapter 43 · chapter 43 the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of acute respiratory...

Chapter 43The Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory FailureEdward T. NaureckasLawrence D.H. Wood

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Chapter 44Noninvasive VentilationLaurent BrochardEvangelia AkoumianakiRicardo Cordioli

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Chapter 45Airway ManagementMichael F. O’connorDavid B. Glick

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65. Mansharamani NG, Koziel H, Garland R, et al. Safety of bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in obese patients in the ICU. Chest. 2000;117:1426.

66. Meyer M, Critchlow J, Mansharamani N, et al. Repeat bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy is a safe procedure. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:986.

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Chapter 46TracheostomyJeff DoyleDamon C. Scales

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Chapter 47Upper Airway ObstructionBrian K. GehlbachJohn P. Kress

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Chapter 48Ventilator Waveforms: Clinical InterpretationGregory A. Schmidt

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Chapter 49Management of the Ventilated PatientGregory A. SchmidtJesse B. Hall

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1. Carlucci A, Richard JC, Wysocki M, et al. Noninvasive versus onventional mechanical ventilation: an epidemiologic survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:874-880.

2. Hilbert G, Gruson D, Vargas F. Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:481-487.

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6. Girard TD, Kress JP, Fuchs BD, et al. Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechani-cally ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:126-134.

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10. Futier E, Constantin J-M, Paugam-Burtz C, et al. A trial of intra-operative low-tidal-volume ventilation in abdominal surgery. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:428-437.

11. Levine S, Nguyen T, Taylor N, et al. Rapid disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers in mechanically ventilated humans. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1327-1335.

12. Hussain SNA, Mofarrahi M, Sigala I, et al. Mechanical ventila-tion-induced diaphragm disuse in humans triggers autophage. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:1377-1386.

13. Demoule A, Jung B, Prodanovic H, et al. Diaphragm dysfunc-tion on admission to the intensive care unit: prevalence, risk factors, and prognostic impact—a prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188:213-219.

14. Powers SK, Wiggs MP, Sollanek KJ, et al. Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction: cause and effect. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013;305(5):R464-R477.

15. Repessé X, Charron C, Vieillard-Baron A. Right ventricular failure in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syn-drome. Minerva Anestesiol. 2012;78:941-948.

16. Jubran A, Mathru M, Dries D, et al. Continuous recordings of mixed venous oxygen saturation during weaning from mechan-ical ventilation and the ramifications thereof. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:1763-1769.

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20. Nassar BS, Collett ND, Schmidt GA. The flow-time waveform predicts respiratory system resistance and compliance. J Crit Care. 2012;27:418.e7-418.e14.

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22. Marini JJ, Rodriguez RM, Lamb V. The inspiratory workload of patient-initiated mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986;134:902-909.

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Chapter 50Novel Modes of Mechanical VentilationMashael Al-HegelanNeil R. MacIntyre

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42. Bollen CW, Uiterwaal CS, van Vught AJ. Cumulative meta-analysis of high-frequency versus conventional ventilation in premature neonates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168: 1150-1155.

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45. Campbell RS, Branson RD, Johannigman JA. Adaptive support ventilation. Respir Care Clin N Am. 2001;7:425-440.

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52. Belliato M, Maggio G, Neri S, et al. Evaluation of the adaptive support ventilation (ASV) mode in paralyzed patients. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26:S327.

53. Tassaux D, Dalmas E, Gratadour P, Jolliet P. Patient-ventilator interactions during partial ventilatory support: a preliminary study comparing the effects of adaptive support ventilation with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus inspira-tory pressure support. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:801-807.

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56. Dongelmans DA, Paulus F, Veelo DP, Binnekade JM, Vroom MB, Schultz MJ. Adaptive support ventilation may deliver unwanted respiratory rate-tidal volume combinations in patients with acute lung injury ventilated according to an open lung strategy. Anesthesiol. 2011;114:1138-1143.

57. Branson RD, MacIntyre NR. Dual control modes of mechanical ventilation. Respir Care. 1996;41:294-305.

58. Branson RD, Davis K. Dual control modes: combining volume and pressure breaths. Respir Care Clin North Am. 2001;7:397-401.

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60. Piotrowski A, Sobala W, Kawczynski P. Patient initiated, pres-sure regulated, volume controlled ventilation compared with intermittent mandatory ventilation in neonates: a prospective, randomized study. Intensive Care Med. 1997;23:975-981.

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Chapter 51Ventilator-Induced Lung InjuryVito FanelliJohn T. GrantonArthur S. Slutsky

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15. Eisner MD, et al. Airway pressures and early barotrauma in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165(7):978-982.

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Chapter 52Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeMark E. MikkelsenPaul N. LankenJason D. Christie

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Chapter 53Extracorporeal Lung SupportLena M. Napolitano

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Chapter 54Acute-on-Chronic Respiratory FailureIvor S. Douglas

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Chapter 55Status AsthmaticusThomas CorbridgeJesse B. Hall

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Chapter 56ThoracostomyShruti PatelJohn F. Mcconville

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Chapter 57Massive HemoptysisAlexander B. BensonRichard K. Albert

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1. Fartoukh M, Khalil A, Louis L, et al. An integrated approach to diagnosis and management of severe haemoptysis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a case series from a referral centre. Respir Res. 2007;8:11.

2. Shigemura N, Wan IY, Yu SC, et al. Multidisciplinary manage-ment of life-threatening massive hemoptysis: a 10-year experi-ence. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;87:849-853.

3. Ibrahim WH. Massive haemoptysis: the definition should be revised. Eur Respir J. 2008;32:1131-1132.

4. Ong TH, Eng P. Massive hemoptysis requiring intensive care. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:317-320.

5. Valipour A, Kreuzer A, Koller H, Koessler W, Burghuber OC. Bronchoscopy-guided topical hemostatic tamponade therapy for the management of life-threatening hemoptysis. Chest. 2005;127:2113-2118.

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7. Khalil A, Fartoukh M, Parrot A, Bazelly B, Marsault C, Carette MF. Impact of MDCT angiography on the management of patients with hemoptysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195:772-778.

8. Revel MP, Fournier LS, Hennebicque AS, et al. Can CT replace bronchoscopy in the detection of the site and cause of bleed-ing in patients with large or massive hemoptysis? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:1217-1224.

9. Jeudy J, Khan AR, Mohammed TL, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria hemoptysis. J Thorac Imaging. 2010;25:W67-W69.

10. Swanson KL, Johnson CM, Prakash UB, McKusick MA, Andrews JC, Stanson AW. Bronchial artery embolization: experience with 54 patients. Chest. 2002;121:789-795.


Chapter 58Restrictive Disease of the Respiratory SystemBenjamin D. SingerThomas C. CorbridgeLawrence D.H. Wood

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Chapter 59Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Jean ChastreJean-Yves Fagon

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23. Klompas M. Interobserver variability in ventilator-associated pneumonia surveillance. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38:237-239.

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25. Schurink CA, Van Nieuwenhoven CA, Jacobs JA, et al. Clinical pulmonary infection score for ventilator-associated pneumonia: accuracy and inter-observer variability. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30:217-224.

26. Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA. 2009;302:2323-2329.

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Chapter 60Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation

Constantine A. ManthousGregory A. SchmidtJesse B. Hall

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chapter 43 · chapter 43 the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of acute respiratory...

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