The Human Immune System

The diagram below represents a microscopic view of blood.

1. Cell A protects the body by producing specific chemicals in response to pathogens. Cell A is

a. a red blood cellb. a bacteria cellc. an insulin-producing celld. a white blood cell

2. A function of white blood cells is to

a. transport oxygen to body cells

b. produce hormones that regulate cell communication

c. carry glucose to body cells

d. protect the body against pathogens

Base your answer on the diagram below which represents an event that occurs in the blood.

3. Which statement best describes this event?

a. Cell A is a white blood cell releasing antigens to destroy bacteria.

b. Cell A is a cancer cell produced by the immune system and it is helping to prevent disease.

c. Cell A is a white blood cell engulfing disease-causing organisms.

d. Cell A is protecting bacteria so they can reproduce without being destroyed by predators.

4. What are two names for the process in which a cell engulfs particles from the outside?

5. The immune system of humans may respond to chemicals on the surface of an invading organism by

a. releasing hormones that break down these chemicals

b. synthesizing antibodies that mark these organisms to be destroyed

c. secreting antibiotics that attach to these organisms

d. altering a DNA sequence in these organisms

6. Which activity is not a function of white blood cells in response to an invasion of the body by bacteria?

a. engulfing these bacteriab. producing antibodies to act against this

type of bacteriac. preparing for future invasions of this type

of bacteriad. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses

to detect these bacteria

Base your answer on the diagram below, which represents one possible immune response that can occur in the human body.

7. The structures that are part of the immune system are represented by

a. A, only

b. A and C, only

c. B and C, only

d. A, B, and C

8. Which function is associated with phagocytes in the blood?

a. initiating blood clots

b. transporting dissolved nutrients

c. producing hormones

d. engulfing bacteria

9. Which blood component is correctly paired with a process in which it is directly involved?

a. white blood cells–clotting

b. platelets–oxygen transport

c. lymphocytes–antibody production

d. red blood cells–bacteria destruction

10. People who have AIDS are more likely than others to become ill with multiple infections because the pathogen that causes AIDS

a. targets many body systems

b. mutates, releasing toxins directly into the bloodstream

c. increases the rate of enzyme activity in different types of body cells

d. damages the immune system

11. It is recommended that people at risk for serious flu complications be vaccinated so that their bodies will produce

a. antigens to fight the flu virus

b. antibodies against the flu virus

c. toxins to fight the infection caused by the flu virus

d. antibiotics to reduce symptoms caused by the flu virus

12. When a new viral infection appears in a population, scientists usually try to develop a vaccine against the virus. Which substances would most likely be contained in the new vaccine?

a. live bacteria that ingest viruses

b. white blood cells from an infected individual

c. weakened viruses associated with the infection

d. a variety of microbes that will attack the virus

13. To replace burned skin, doctors can successfully transplant replacement skin taken from another part of the body of the burn victim. Which statement best explains why the transplanted skin is not rejected?

a. The transplanted skin is damaged, making the immune system nonfunctional.

b. The antigens of the replacement skin are the same as those of the damaged skin.

c. Burn victims lose so much blood that white blood cells cannot cause an immune response.

d. There is no blood supply to the skin, so mixing of antigens does not occur.

14. In 1995, during an Ebola virus outbreak, approximately 80% of the infected individuals died. Which statement is an inference that could be made based on this information?

a. The individuals who survived were able to produce antibodies against the Ebola virus

b. The individuals who survived were not exposed to the Ebola antigens

c. Eighty percent of the population had a natural immunity to the Ebola virus.

d. Eighty percent of the population was infected with a viral antigen.

15. Which statement best describes how a vaccination can help protect the body against disease?

a. Vaccines directly kill the organism that causes the disease.

b. Vaccines act as a medicine that cures the disease.

c. Vaccines cause the production of specific molecules that will react with and destroy certain infectuous organisms.

d. Vaccines contain white blood cells that engulf harmful germs and prevent them from spreading throughout the body.

16. Which statement provides the best possible reason for the decrease in number of cases of bacterial pneumonia from 1940 to 1970?

a. As a result of genetic engineering, humans became immune to the bacteria.

b. Antibiotics were made available for the treatment of bacterial infections.

c. The bacteria did not respond to medical treatments.

d. As a result of sexual reproduction, the bacteria evolved into a harmless form.

17. In some individuals, the immune system attacks substances such as grass pollen that are usually harmless, resulting in

a. an allergic reaction

b. a form of cancer

c. an insulin imbalance

d. a mutation

18. The uncontrolled division of certain body cells, which then invade the surrounding tissues and interfere with the normal functioning of the body, is known as

a. cancer

b. Bacterial infection

c. WBC invasion

d. Oogenesis

Which type of cancer spreads?

19. What immune cell is responsible for releasing histamine and causing the red itchy welts associated with allergies?

a. Mast cell

b. White blood cells

c. Red blood cells

d. Platelets

20. What were three reasons on why the human body is suitable place for pathogens to thrive?

21. How does the antibiotic, penicillin, fight bacteria?

Lines of Defense

The Immune Response

Slideshare.net

Username: stanner2016

Password: stanner2016