Chapter 4

The Human World

Population Growth

6.2 billion people live on Earth. Global population is growing rapidly because

birthrates have not declined as fast as death rate

Death rates have decreased because of:

Improved health care More food supplies Advance in technology Better living conditions

Zero Population Growth

In which the birthrate and death rate are equal.

When this balance occurs, a country’s population does not grow.

Challenges of Population Growth

As the number of people increases, it becomes more difficult to produce enough food.

Use more resources more rapidly-water, housing & clothing.

World is unevenly distributed by age, with some countries population being infants and young children who cannot contribute.

Migration

Movement of people from place to place. People move because of wars, food

shortage, persecution, lack of jobs, or other problems.

Think about it?

How do the effects of zero population growth and negative population growth differ? And how are they similar?

Prediction

Can you predict the outcome if the standard of living in cities as urbanization increases? How might the standard of living differ between cities in the developing world and cities in the developed world?

Culture

The way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs.

Elements of Culture

Language-English & Spanish Religion-Christianity & Hinduism Social Groups –Wealth & Education Government- Democracy & Autocracy Economic Activities-what people do for a

living Culture Regions-p.83

Ethnic Group

Made up of people who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements.

Government

The institution through which a society maintains social order, provides public services, ensures national security, and supports its economic well being.

Today the world is made up of nearly 200 independent countries.

Levels of Government

Unitary System-a government in which all key powers are given to the national or central government. United Kingdom/France

Federal System-form of government in which powers are divided between the national government and the state government. The United States

Types of Government

Autocracy-a government in which a single individual possesses the power and authority to rule.

Monarchy-a king or queen exercise the supreme powers of the government.

Oligarchy-system of government in which a small group holds power.

Democracy-any system of government in which leaders rule with consent of the citizens.

Economy

The way a society produces, distributes, and uses goods and services

Explain

What would happen if the factors that influence a country’s power to control territory did not exist? What are the factors that a country can use to control a territory?

Economic Systems

Traditional Economy-habit and custom determine the rules for all economic activity.

Market Economy-individuals and private groups decide what to produce.

Mixed Economy-the government supports and regulates free enterprise.

Command Economy-the government directs the means of production and distribution.

Compare

How is command economy related to traditional economy?

Natural Resource

The elements from the earth that are not made by people but can be used by them for food, fuel, or other necessities.

Two types of Natural Resource

Renewable-cannot be used up or can be replaced naturally or grown again in a short amount of time.

Ex: water, forests, and animal life. Nonrenewable-cannot be replaced Ex: minerals and fossil fuels-coal, oil, and

natural gas.

Developed Countries

Countries that have more technology and manufacturing, such as the United States.

Developing Countries

Countries working toward greater manufacturing and technology. Developing countries are mainly located in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Industrialization

The spread of industry.

Prediction

Can you predict the outcome if the birth rate surpassed the death rate?