chapter 4: syntax “i really do not know that anything has ever been more exciting than diagramming...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 4: SyntaxI really do not know that anything has ever been more exciting than diagramming sentences.-Gertrude Stein
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We can create aninfinite number of sentencesJohn found a bookin the libraryin the stackson the fourth floor.
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S V O language
Your dog chased my cat. S V O
My cat chased your dog. S V O
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The natural breaks in a sentence:My dog chased your cat.My dog(noun phrase)chased your cat(verb phrase)Mydogchasedyourcatverb phrasenoun phrasenoun phrase
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These natural breaks are constituentsConstituency test:Can stand aloneCan be replace by a pronoun or doCan move as a unit
My dog chased your cat.
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PhrasingNoun phrase(NP)Verb phrase (VP)Prepositional phrase (PP)Adjective phrase (AdjP)Adverb phrase(AdvP)Complementizer phrase(CP)
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CategoriesCCPSAdvAdvPAdjAdjPPPPAuxVVPDetNNPFunctionalLexicalPhrasal
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MydogchasedyourcatMydogchased yourcatNPVPNPSThe dog chased your cat.
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Phrase Structure TreesThechildread abookNPVPNPS
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Phrase Structure TreesThestudentdidherhomeworkNPVPNPS
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ThestudentdidNPhomeworkNPVPNPSPPNPherintheLibraryThe student didher homeworkin the library.
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ThestudentdidNPhomeworkNPVPNPSPPNPherintheLibraryThe new student didher homeworkin the library.newNP
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Practice:The old tree swayed in the wind.The frightened passenger landed the crippled airliner.
The hot sun melted the ice.The house on the hill collapsed in the wind.